to.. ELA Web Portal
HISTORY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
⇑ §Acronyms/Dictionaries/Glossaries§ ⇑
Agriculture | Alchemy | Ancient | §ARCHITECTURE§ | Art & Science
§ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE§ | Associations | Astrology | Astronomy | §ASTRONOMY§ | Aviation | §AVIATION§
Bicycles | Biographies | Biology | §BIOLOGY§ | §BOTONY§ | Brain | §BRAIN§ | Brewing | §BREWING§
Chemistry | §CHEMISTRY§ | Clocks | Coummunications | Cosmology | Chronologies/Timelines
Computer History | §COMPUTER§ | Constants
§ECONOMICS - History§ | Education | Electricity | §ELECTRICITY§ | Electromagnetism
§ELECTRONICS§ | §ENERGY§ | Engineering | §ENGINEERING§ | Evolution
FIND | Flight | §FLIGHT§ | France
Genetics | §GENETICS§ | §Geologic Time§ | Geology | §GEOLOGY§ | Gravity
Hispanic Scientists | §HISTORY§ | §History of Philosophy§
Industrial Revolution | Instruments | §INSTRUMENTS§ | Internet | Islam
§LITERATURE§
Magnetism | §MAPS§ | Masters of Science | Math | §MATHEMATICS§
Medieval | Medicine | §MEDICINE§ | Metallurgy | §METALS§ | Microscope | Museums | Music | §MUSIC§
NEWS | Neuroscience | §NEUROSCIENCE§ | Nobel Peace Prize | Nuclear Science
Optics
Philosophy of Science | §PHILOSOPHY§ | Photography | Physics | §PHYSICS§ | Publications
Quotes | Railroads | Relativity | §RELIGIONS§ | Religious | Renaissance
§SCIENCE§ | Scientific Method | Scientific Revolution | Space | Spectroscopy
§TEACHERS & EDUCATION§ | Technology | §TIME§ | Time | Timelines
Units & Constants | §US HISTORY§ | Vision
§WAR§ | Water | §WATER§ | Weather | Web | Women
(Click above to jump to Listings on this page or to an § ALTERNATE ELA DIRECTORY§)

 

 

 

^ SCIHIST

AGRICULTURE
DIRECTORIES-History of Agriculture
dmoz Open Directory | Google | Wikipedia | Yahoo


GardenDigest.com, History of Gardening: A Timeline From Ancient Times to the Twentieth Century

History and Literature of Horticulture by Professor Freeman S. Howlett, Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State U
• Centuries: 12th to 1st B.C.
• 1st to 15th Century
• Centuries: 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th

Origins of Agriculture as a Natural Experiment in Cultural Evolution

^ SCIHIST
ANCIENT
Ancient Mathematics History & Its Modern Fates
Ancient Science: Horus Publications on the Internet Beginner's Guide
Aristotle et al.: Jacques Maritain Center Readings for Philosophers and Catholics
Aristotle, Works: Virginia Tech Online Books
Euclid's Elements Intro: History of Mathematics by David E. Joyce, Clark U

From Stargazers to StarshipsUse It! by David P. Stern, NASA Site Map
•How distant is the Moon? 1 & 2

HistoryForKids.org Ancient World History & Middle Ages
Internet Classics Archive: Online Science & Literature Classics
Jason's Web Site on Ancient Greek Science agriculture to astronomy, articles & links

Measuring the Moon's Diameter with Help from Eratosthenes
Michael Lahanas, Ancient GreeceUse It!

Plato, Works: Virginia Tech Online Books

Wikipedia.org
• Hipparchus On Sizes and Distances (of the Sun and Moon)


^ SCIHIST
ART & SCIENCE

The Art of Renaissance ScienceMust See! Astronomical Observatory of Padova

The Art of Renaissance Science: Center for Advanced Studies, Research and Development
The Art of Renaissance Science: McMurry University


^ SCIHIST
ASSOCIATIONS
The Agricultural History Society
The British Society for the History of Science
Century of Physics, A 20th century timeline

Chemical Societies Network Chembytes Infozone Search, timelineUse It!

Discovery of the Electron J.J. Thomson 1897 experiments

Division of History of Science and Technology of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science (DHST)
• Archives

Galileo and Einstein lecture notes on two revolutions
Gallery of Electromagnetic Personalities biographies & images
General Relativity Einstein's developments and collaborations leading to...
History of Physics Group: Institute of Physics
History of Science Society (HSS) & their official publication: ISIS
International Society for the History, Philosophy, and Social Studies of Biology (ISHPSSB)
International Union of the History and Philosophy of Science (IUHPS)
The Society for the History of Technology (SHOT)

^ SCIHIST
ASTROLOGY
also see.. §Astrology§, Astronomy

AccessNewAge.com, Looking Deeper Magazine, Astrology Section
• History of Astrology another View ( 2, 3 ) by Robert Hand

ProjectHindsight.com

^ SCIHIST
ASTRONOMY & COSMOLOGY
also see.. Astrology, §ASTRONOMY§, Physics

Amazing Space from the Space Telescope Science Institute (STSI), Links, SiteMap
• Capture the Cosmos
    º History of science
• Online Explorations
    º From Galileo to HST
• For educators and developers

Astronomiae Historia / History of Astronomy: U Bonn Links

Early History of Radio Astronomy from the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), Green Bank

Studies of Occidental Constellations and Star Names to the Classical Period: An Annotated Bibliography
• by Gary D. Thompson

Great Debates in Astronomy astronomy and astrophysics at the turn of the millennium
History of Astronomy: What's new at this site on March 1, 1996
History of Astronomy: Items: Space Exploration [Index]
History of Astronomy and Space Science Links
The Telescope historical article
Timeline of the Universe NASA
Working Group for the History of Astronomy

WorldwideSchool, Pure Science-HistoryUse It! History of Science by Henry Smith Williams
• Prehistoric Science, Vol. 1
    º Anaxagoras
    º Astronomical Science
    º Ideas of Cosmology
    º Babylonian Astronomy
    º Astrology
    º The Early Greek Philosophers in Italy
    º Physical Speculations
    º Aristotle (384-322 B.C.)
    º Greek Science of the Alexandrian Or Hellenistic Period
    º Aristarchus of Samos, the Copernicus of Antiquity
    º Eratosthenes, "The Surveyor of the World"
    º Hipparchus, "The Lover of Truth"
    º Strabo the Geographer
    º Two Famous Expositors--Pliny and Ptolemy
    º Ptolemy, the Last Great Astronomer of Antiquity
    º A Retrospective Glance At Classical Science
• The Beginnings of Modern Science Vol. 2
    º The New Cosmology--Copernicus to Kepler and Galileo
    º Johann Kepler and the Laws of Planetary Motion
    º Galileo Galilei
    º Galileo and the New Physics
    º Astrology
    º Newton and the Law of Gravitation
    º Proposition V., Theorem V.
    º Proposition VI., Theorem VI.
    º Proposition VII., Theorem VII.
    º Instruments of Precision in the Age of Newton Instruments of Precision in the Age of Newton
• Modern Development of the Physical Sciences, Vol. 3
    º Modern Development of the Physical Sciences
    º The Successors of Newton in Astronomy
    º Bradley and the Aberration of Light
    º French Astronomers
    º Leonard Euler
    º The Progress of Modern Astronomy
    º The Nebular Hypothesis of Kant
    º Laplace and the Nebular Hypothesis
    º Asteroids and Satellites
    º The Discovery of Neptune
    º The Rings of Saturn
    º Studies of the Moon
    º Comets and Meteors
    º The Fixed Stars
    º Double Stars
    º The Distance of the Stars
    º Revelations of the Spectroscope
    º The Astronomy of the Invisible
    º The Structure of Nebulae
    º Lockyer's Meteoric Hypothesis
• Modern Development of the Chemical and Biological Sciences, Vol. 4


^ SCIHIST
BICYCLES
also see.. §HUMAN POWER & BICYCLES§

DIRECTORIES-Bicycles
Wikipedia


Bicycle Museum of America

e-cobr
• Some of the history of Cycling

Jim LangleyUse It! Bicycle Afficionado, Links
• Myths & Milestones in Bicycle Evolution by William Hudson

U Warwick, Library
• Sources for the History of Cycling


^ SCIHIST
BIOGRAPHIES
also see.. MATHEMATICS

Catalog of the Scientific Community in the 16th and 17th CenturiesA Source! Rice U, The Galileo Project

Contributions of 20th Century Women to Physics: U California, Search

Early History of Radio Astronomy from the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), Green Bank

Enter Evolution: Theory and HistoryA Source! U California, Berkeley

Great scientists/mathematicians and my version of the future [very limited]
Great Thinkers and Visionaries
Institute and Museum of History of Science, Florence Galileo & Leonardo
Irish Scientific Lives: Irish Research Scientists' Association

Web Links: Famous Scientistsa Hub! PhysicsWeb

NAMES
Aristotle (384-322 B.C.E.): U California, Berkeley
The Bernoullis (1654 - 1782) David R. Wilkins, Trinity College, Dublin
Bohr, Neils Library: American Institute of Physics
Boyle, Robert - Work Diaries from the Perseus Digital Library
Brahe, Tycho (1546-1601): Rice U, The Galileo Project
Copernicus, Nicholas (1473-1543): Rice U, The Galileo Project
D'Alembert , Jean-le-Rond (1717 - 1783) David R. Wilkins, Trinity College, Dublin
Darwin, Erasmus (1731-1802): U California, Berkeley - Enter Evolution
da Vinci, Leonardo (1452-1519): U California, Berkeley
Descartes, René (1596 - 1650) David R. Wilkins, Trinity College, Dublin

EINSTEIN, ALBERT
Einstein, Albert... The Einstein Papers Project: Boston U
Einstein, Albert... Online by S. Morgan Friedman

Euler, Leonhard (1707 - 1783) David R. Wilkins, Trinity College, Dublin
Fourier, Joseph - Politician & Scientist by David Keston
Galilei, Galileo: Rice U, The Galileo Project
Hooke, Robert (1635-1703): U California, Berkeley
Huygens, Christian (1629 - 1695) David R. Wilkins, Trinity College, Dublin
Kepler, Johannes (1571-1630): Rice U, The Galileo Project
Lagrange, Joseph Louis (1736 - 1813) David R. Wilkins, Trinity College, Dublin
Lambert, Johann Heinrich (1728 - 1777) David R. Wilkins, Trinity College, Dublin
Legendre, Adrian Marie (1752 - 1833) David R. Wilkins, Trinity College, Dublin
Leibnitz, Gottfried Wilhelm (1646 - 1716) David R. Wilkins, Trinity College, Dublin
Laplace, Pierre Simon (1749 - 1827) David R. Wilkins, Trinity College, Dublin

MAXWELL, JAMES CLERK
Early History of Radio Astronomy from the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), Green Bank
Google Image Search: James Clerk Maxwell
James Clerk Maxwell (1831 - 1879) from Answers in Genisis, Biography Index
James Clerk Maxwell from the MacTutor History of Mathematics

James Clerk Maxwell and the Christian PropositionUse It! by Ian Hutchinson, MIT

NEWTON , SIR ISAAC
Newton , Sir Isaac (1642 - 1727) David R. Wilkins, Trinity College, Dublin
Newton , Sir Isaac Newtonia: newton.org.uk

Pascal, Blaise (1623 - 1662) David R. Wilkins, Trinity College, Dublin
Poincaré, Jules Henri (1854-1912): MacTutor History of Mathematics archive


^ SCIHIST

BIOLOGY
Google Biology Directory
Journey Into the Cell Electron Microscopy & Cell Biology, Rockefeller U
Life Sciences in the Twentieth Century from "Teaching History of Science: Resources & Strategies,"
MendelWeb (Gregor Mendel) history of genetics, data analysis, plant science
The Rockefeller University Journey Into the Cell History of Electron Microscopy & Modern Cell Biology
The New Scientist's on-line Planet Earth

^ SCIHIST
BREWING
also see.. §BREWING§

Eggnog! (ads!) History of eggnog, Links, Recipes, Safety
How Much Did they Drink? alcohol consumption of in pre-industrial Europe.
Medieval/Renaissance Brewing Homepage articles, guilds, recipes, sources

Origins and Ancient History of Wine from U Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology & Anthropology, Links
• Egypt, Mesopotamia, Neolithic
• Glossary
• Laboratory
• Map

SCA Brew Historical Brewing Page (Society for Creative Anachronism), Links, References
• Articles and Essays
• Drunk Monk's Cookbook
• Guilds
• Library:
    º Beginners, Articles & Essays, Customs & Culture, Equipment
    º Ingredients, Miscellaneous, Period References & Herbals, Techniques


^ SCIHIST
CHEMISTRY & ALCHEMY
also see.. §CHEMISTRY§, Islam, §Religions & Spirituality§

The 1827 Christmas Lectures of Michael Faraday: woodrow.org

The Alchemy Website over 38 MB ofinformation
• John French - The Art of Distillation

American Chemical Society (ACS) Division of History of Chemistry (Hist)
ASAPWeb - Home Page Australian Science Archives Project
The Robert Boyle Project (1627-91) articles, bibliography, Links
A Brief History of Chemistry Black Magic - Prehistory to Christian Era
A Brief History of History: ThinkQuest.org
A Brief History of the Development of Periodic Table:   The Periodic Table - Alternate Designs Links:   Chemistry Dept, Western Oregon U
Carmen Giunta's Classic Chemistry Page - Le Moyne College papers and links
Chem-Hist Mailing-List send an E-Mail with the text "subscribe chem-hist"
The Chemical Heritage Foundation established by ACS & AIChE

ChemSoc.orgUse It! RSC's chemical science network
• Alchemical Symbols
• The Development of the Periodic Table
• TimeLine

ChemTeam History of Chemistry
Classic Chemistry glossary, dictionary, Links, papers: Carmen Giunta, Le Moyne College
Classic Papers from the History of Chemistry
A Dictionary of the New Chymical Nomenclature (1787): Classic Chemistry
Dictionary of Obsolete Chemical Terms Jon Eklund, Smithsonian Institute Press
Dr Berger's History of Chemistry Bookmarks
FECS Millennium Project 100 European Chemists - Chemical Revolution to 21st Century
Glossary of Archaic Chemical Terms: Classic Chemistry
Historical Group of the Royal Society of Chemistry
Historical Introduction to Chemistry Alchemy, Greek, Roman, Medieval, Transition, Lavoisier: Virtual U North
Historical online chemistry textbooks by Bill Palmer
The History of Chemistry Subject Index: Woodrow Wilson Summer Institute

History of Chemistry Links: Chemistry Teaching ResourcesUse It! Umeå U

Institute and Museum of the History of Science, Florence, Links
• Digital Archive
• Exhibits and Learning
• Library and Archives
    º Panopticon Lavoisier virtual museum of the collections of Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743-1794)
• Online Resources

An International Journal for the Philosophy of Chemistry - Hyle Related Links & Collected Bibliography
The Liebig - Museum in Giesse: Justus Liebig U
Nobel e-Museum - Chemistry
A Quick Look at the History of the Periodic Table   PeriodicTable.com
Royal Society of Chemistry Historical Group: some Links

WorldwideSchool, Pure Science-HistoryUse It! History of Science by Henry Smith Williams
• Prehistoric Science, Vol. 1
    º Ctesibius and Hero: Magicians of Alexandria
• The Beginnings of Modern Science Vol. 2
    º Two Pseudo-Sciences--Alchemy and Astrology
    º Robert Boyle (1627-1691)
• Modern Development of the Physical Sciences, Vol. 3
• Modern Development of the Chemical and Biological Sciences, Vol. 4
    º Modern Development of the Chemical and Biological Sciences
    º The Phlogiston Theory in Chemistry
    º The Beginnings of Modern Chemistry
    º Joseph Black
    º Henry Cavendish
    º Joseph Priestley
    º Karl Wilhelm Scheele
    º Lavoisier and the Foundation of Modern Chemistry
    º Chemistry Since the Time of Dalton
    º Humphry Davy and Electro-Chemistry
    º Organic Chemistry and the Idea of the Molecule
    º Chemical Affinity
    º Periodicity of Atomic Weights
    º New Weapons--Spectroscope and Camera
    º The Chemical Theory of Digestion The Chemical Theory of Digestion
    º The Function of Respiration
    º Animal Chemistry
    º Liebig on Animal Heat


^ SCIHIST
BRAIN & NEUROSCIENCE
Milestones in Neuroscience Research Timeline:   Eric H. Chudler, Ph.D. - Neuroscience for Kids

Neuroscience Timeline:   Brains on the Web: Comparative Neuroanatomy and Intelligence
• Intelligence & Brain Size, Glossary of Terms, Links


^ SCIHIST
CLOCKS & TIME
Bells, Bellfounders and Towerclocks historical - Netherlands & Germany, Jacob Pompstra (@tripod.et.nl)
Clockworks history, from sundials to the atomic second from Britannica.com @time.gov

ElginWatches.org
• History
• Technical

History of Frequency Control:   Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics Frequency Control
HOROLOGY - The Index

National Association of Watch & Clock Collectors, Inc. -
• Library & Research, Museum, School of Horology, Search

A Walk Through Time history of timekeeping:   General Interest, NIST Physics, US NIST

Wikipedia
• Arrow of time
• Time in physics


^ SCIHIST
COMMUNICATIONS

Early History of Radio Astronomy from the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), Green Bank

History of Telegraphy goldmine of information on early telegraphy & answers questions
History of Telegraphy (www.cris.com)
History of Telegraphy (fohnix.metronet.com)
History of Sound Recording and Broadcasting
Hobb's Internet Timeline search 1950's to Present in decades
The Invention of the Radio from QSL.net, ZL3MA's Site
Motorola Historical Timeline
The National Inventors Hall of Fame see The Inventors Page
Smithsonian Institution, Caring for Antique Communication Devices
Technology History from Tectrix Fitness Equipment

^ SCIHIST
COMPUTERS
also see.. §HISTORY§, Internet, Web, §MATHEMATICS§

Alan Turing & the Alan Turing Home Page by Andrew Hodges
• on-line biography 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, oration

BYTE Magazine
Calculating Machines

Computer HistorySee It! Smithsonian Institute

Computer History Museum, Search ( Artifacts )
• Document Archive: Index, Subject Categories
• Exhibits
    º A History of the Internet: 1962-1992
    º Microprocessor Evolution: 1971-1996
• Timeline

ComputerHistory.org
• Fellow Awards

Computers: History and Development Jones Multimedia Encyclopedia
Excellence in Computing: Ken North - significant contributions to computing

Fourmilab Switzerland from John Walker, founder of Autodesk, Inc. ( Sitemap ) History and Nostalgia
• The Analytical Engine The First Computer of Charles Babbage

Historical Computer Society (HCS)

History of ComputingSee It! Virginia Tech

History of Computing-Mark I
The History and Making of Semiconductor Memory Chips
History: Quest for a Universal Machine: York U, Introduction to Computer Technology
History of Silicon valley
The Machine That Changed the World

Making the Macintosh: Technology and Culture in Silicon Valley, history of the Macintosh computer
• from Stanford U, Libraries & Information Resources

John McCarthy Computer Theory & History
Memories are Made of This (Computer Memory Histroy)
The MetaCenter (NSF supported), National Center for Supercomputing Applications
The National Inventors Hall of Fame see The Inventors Page
NSF SUCCEED Engineering Visual Database
Obsolete Computer Museum
The Online Virtual Computer History Museum
Origin of a Browser: U Buffalo's early history of Netscape
Past Notable Women of Computing & Mathematics from TAP: Ada
Perspectives of the Smithsonian: Smithsonian Computer History some video clips/interviews
Timeline of Microcomputers
TRIUMPH OF THE NERDS from "Machine that changed the World"
Univ of Virginia Comp Science Museum
The Virtual Altair Museum

Virtual Museum of Computing (VMoC), Links (Galleries)
• Brief History of Algebra and Computing: An Eclectic Oxonian View by Jonathan P. Bowen
• Charles Babbage (1791-1871)

John von Neumann and von Neumann Architecture for Computers (1945) by Barney J. Cabrera

Wikipedia
• Computer
• Computer science
• History of computing
• History of computing hardware
• List of books on the history of computing
•
• List of pioneers in computer science Timeline of artificial intelligence
• Timeline of computing
• Timeline of programming languages

The Women of the ENIAC

^ SCIHIST
EDUCATION
US Graduate Programs in History of Science: U Washington Academic HyperLinks
Teaching the History of Science: HSS COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION

^ SCIHIST
ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISM & ELECTROMAGNETISM
also see.. §Magnetism§, Maxwell, James Clerk, §Electromagnetism§

Alessandro Volta and the Electric BatteryUse It!, by Bern Dibner; online book
• from MIT, Dibner Institute, Burndy Library

Brigham Young U, Ross Spencer, Physics 442, History timeliine
• "A Ridiculously Brief History of Electricity and Magnetism"
• mostly from E. T. Whittaker's A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity...

Early History of Radio Astronomy from the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), Green Bank

Electromagnetic Theory History Links

Galileo and Einstein, Lecture Notes by Michael Fowler
• Overview and Lecture Index:
• Maxwell’s Equations and Electromagnetic Waves
    º Historical Beginnings of Theories of Electricity and Magnetism
• Using History to Teach Science

Google search: maxwell, electromagnetic theory

HyperJeff, SiteMap, Histories chronologies by subject
• Sketches of a History of Classical Electromagnetism time line, Links

Georgia State U, Dept Physics & Astronomy, HyperPhysics
• Maxwell's Equations

Kenyon College, Department of Physics: Instruments for Natural PhilosophyUse It!
• Electrical Measurements
• Electricity
• Electric Motors

Magnet Lab: Electricity & Magnetism Links, Pioneers, Timeline
• Georg Ohm

Medieval Technology Pages, Subject Index: from Paul J. Gans, New York U
• Magnets

Molecular Expressions: Pioneers in the Optical SciencesUse It!
• Michael Faraday (1791-1867)

U Rochester, Dept. Elect & Computer Eng, Thomas B. Jones
• Electrostatics Demonstrations
    º Electrophorus and Accessories

WorldwideSchool, Pure Science-HistoryUse It! History of Science by Henry Smith Williams
• Prehistoric Science, Vol. 1
    º Anaxagoras As Meteorologist
• The Beginnings of Modern Science Vol. 2
    º William Gilbert and the Study of Magnetism
    º Mariotte and Von Guericke
    º Progress in Electricity from Gilbert and Von Guericke to Franklin
    º The Experiments of Stephen Gray
    º Experiments of Cisternay Dufay
    º Dufay Discovers Vitreous and Resinous Electricity
    º Ludolff's Experiment with the Electric Spark
    º The Leyden Jar Discovered
    º William Watson
    º Benjamin Franklin
    º Franklin's Theory of Electricity
    º Franklin Invents the Lightning-Rod
    º Franklin Proves That Lightning Is Electricity
• Modern Development of the Physical Sciences, Vol. 3
    º The Modern Development of Electricity and Magnetism
    º Davy and Electric Light
    º Electricity and Magnetism
    º Faraday and Electro-Magnetic Induction
    º Storage Batteries
• Modern Development of the Chemical and Biological Sciences, Vol. 4
    º Humphry Davy and Electro-Chemistry


^ SCIHIST
ENGINEERING
also see.. Technology

BridgePros Engineering, History & Construction of Bridges
Google.com Engineering & Technology Directory @ Society: History

Great Achievements in Mechanical Engineering
• from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME International)

History of Chemical Engineering & Chemical Technology

Henry Darcy and His Law from Glenn Brown, Oklahoma State U
• Biographical
• Darcy Memorial Symposium on the History of Hydraulics
• Exposition Henry Darcy
• Groundwater and Darcy's Law
• History of the Darcy-Weisbach Equation
• Pipe flow and the Pitot Tube

History of Fluid Mechanics, Mathematics, and Science : Virginia Tech
NSF SUCCEED Engineering Visual Database

^ SCIHIST
EVOLUTION
also see.. §BIOLOGY-Evolution§

Darwin, Charles Origin of the Species: Virginia Tech Online Books
Darwin-related Images
Donald Forsdyke's Commentaries on the History of Selected Evolutionary Concepts
Lefalophodon: An Informal History of Evolutionary Biology 1800 - 1950 by John Alroy

Origin of SpeciesUse It! by Charles Darwin: Book Downloads
    º British Library, Writings of Charles Darwin: HTML Editions - 1st (1859), 6th (1872)
    º Project Gutenberg: Plain text Editions - 1st (1859), 6th (1872)
    º U New South Wales, Embryology Download: ( PDF)

UC Berkeley Museum of PaleontologyUse It!
• Evolution Wing Theory and History, Timeline of Evolutionary Thought with Bios

Wikipedia: EvolutionUse It!
• Creationism
• Natural Selection
• Masters
    º Darwin, Charles
    º Fisher, R.A.'s Modern Synthesis
    º Kimura, Motoo's Neutral Theory Of Molecular Evolution & Genetic Drift
    º Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste
    º Wallace, Alfred Russel
    º Crick, Francis & Watson, James's discovery of the structure of DNA
• Social Effect of Evolutionary Theory

WorldwideSchool, Pure Science-HistoryUse It! History of Science by Henry Smith Williams
• Prehistoric Science [and Ancient Science], Vol. 1
    º The Beginnings of Greek Science
    º Empedocles
• The Beginnings of Modern Science Vol. 2
• Modern Development of the Physical Sciences, Vol. 3
• Modern Development of the Chemical and Biological Sciences, Vol. 4
    º Theories of Organic Evolution
    º Erasmus Darwin
    º Lamarck Versus Cuvier
    º Tentative Advances
    º Darwin and the Origin of Species
    º New Champions
    º The Origin of the Fittest


^ SCIHIST
FIND IT HERE
DIRECTORIES-History of Science
dmoz Open Directory | ECHO (Virt Lib) | Google | Wikipedia | Yahoo

300BC to 19th Century Heritage: Mathematics, Science Writings and Natural History

Alexander Chislenko: Home (public page)
• Great Thinkers and Visionaries, Links

Beginner's Guide to Research in History of Science: Horus Publications, Ronald C. Tobey, U California
Centre for History of Science and Technology: U Libre de Bruxelles

Dibner Institute for the History if Science and Technology at MIT

Dictionary of the History of IdeasUse It! Contents, Search
• from the Electronic Text Center, U Virginia Library
• Math & Logic formal mathematical, logical, linguistic & methodological ideas
• Nature physical & biological sciences, ideas, imaginative literature, myths, metaphysical

Directory of Historians of Physics Stephen G. Brush and Martha E. Keyes, U Maryland
Earth/Matrix Science in Ancient Artwork articles: Charles W Johnson

ECHO Science and Technology Virtual CenterUse It! from George Mason U

Encyclopaedia Britannica biography list
Eureka Science & Technology Database: Demonstration Access
Galilean-library.org: History and Philosophy of Science

Google.com
• Science @ Society: History
• Engineering & Technology @ Society: History

George Peter Jelliss
• ( temp ): History of Ideas

Group of History and Theory of Science: State U Campinas Brazil Index, Publications, Database
The History of Mathematics on the World Wide Web David R. Wilkins, Trinity College, Dublin
History and Philosophy of Science, Technology and Medicine: IMSS & Polytechnic U
History of science: U Bonn Links
History of Science/Science Studies Reference Sources by Doug Stewart, extensive
History of Science, Technology and Medicine Biographical Dictionary: WWW Virtual Library
Horus Guide to the History of Science Randomn Quotations and text search
Internet History of Science Sourcebook from Fordham U, Internet History Sourcebooks Project

Dr. James F. Woodward, Cal State Fullerton
• Gravitation Overview
    º The Origin of Inertia
• Killing time
• Mach's Principle
• (PDF) Propellantless propulsion, Joint propulsion conference 2001 abstract

Linda Hall Library: History of Science online Rare book library from Cultural Heritage Language Technologies

Net Advance of PhysicsUse It! review articles and tutorials in an encyclopædic format
• Annotated Physics Encyclopedia
• History of Physics

The New Scientist's on-line Planet Earth
Nobel e-Museum - Chemistry, Medicine, Physics
OnLine Books: Virginia Tech
PSIgate Physical Science Information Gateway
Reading the History of Western Science A List of Good Places To Start, by A. Bowdoin Van Riper
The Science Engineering & Math Program Links: U Delaware
Science History Sites: American Institute of Physics
Science, Technology & Medicine Archives in the DC-MD-VA Area Stephen G. Brush, U Maryland
Science Technology & Society: Dublin City University
Science Textbooks and Historical Science Online by Bill Palmer
SJSU Virtual Museum: San Jose State U History of Mathematics, Science, and Technology
SolarNavigator.net renewable energy technology, boat design & marine history

TodayInSci.com (ads) Today in Science History, find short bios & descriptions by date of birth, death or event
U Denver, Dr James B. Calvert, Links & Misc
• Astronomy and Observation
• Engineering and Technology
    º Railways: History, Signaling, Engineering
    º the Telegraph
    º Truss Bridge Design history and principles of rational truss bridge design
• Geology and Scenery
• Meteorology and Weather
• Oil, Economics and Statistics
• Optics and Visual Perception
• Physics, Mathematical Physics and Mathematics
• Waves, Acoustics and Vibration

WorldwideSchool, Pure Science-HistoryUse It! History of Science by Henry Smith Williams
• Prehistoric Science, Vol. 1
• The Beginnings of Modern Science Vol. 2
• Modern Development of the Physical Sciences, Vol. 3
• Modern Development of the Chemical and Biological Sciences, Vol. 4

WWW Virtual Library, History of Science Technology and Medicine Australia

^ SCIHIST
FLIGHT / AVIATION
also see.. §Flight Museums§

A.J. Jackson Collection private aviation & photo archive, UK

American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Evolution of Flight
• Click & Learn
• Gallery
• History of Flight active Timeline, Links

Aviation History Encyberpedia
Aviation History of Australia
Aviation: Pioneers/History WWW Library
Boeing History
Cyber Flight Deck Work in Progress...
FirstFlight Wright Brothers & Aerofoil History, UK
Helicopter's History Site
History of Aviation Links Canadian Coast Marketing
Igor I. Sikorsky Historical Archives Inc. Foundation, aviation careers of Igor Sikorsky
Luft '46 WWII German aircraft design
National Aviation Hall of Fame
Randy Wilson's Aviation History Page
Russian Aviation Museum

U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission
• The Development of Naval Aviation

WWW.AVIATION.RU Russian aviation, first flights to modern

^ SCIHIST
GENETICS
The Genetic Code Biochemistry 3107
Gregor Mendel's Legacy: LTU Biochem Home Page, La Trobe U
MendelWeb classical genetics, data analysis, plant science, science- history / literature

^ SCIHIST
FRANCE

Gallica, bibliothèque numérique de la Bibliothèque nationale de France (French) digital early texts

^ SCIHIST
GEOLOGY
also see.. §GEOLOGY§

Evolutionary and Geological Timelines

GeoClio history of geology & the geosciences, About, Forums
• books

Henry Darcy and His Law from Glenn Brown, Oklahoma State U
• Biographical
• Darcy Memorial Symposium on the History of Hydraulics
• Exposition Henry Darcy
• Groundwater and Darcy's Law
• History of the Darcy-Weisbach Equation
• Pipe flow and the Pitot Tube

Historical Earthquake Theories Erhard Oeser: Universität Wien

Wikipedia: Timeline of geology


^ SCIHIST
HISPANIC SCIENTISTS

Wikipedia.org
• Luis Walter Alvarez
• Walter Alvarez
• Baruj Benacerraf
• Carlos Finlay
• Bernardo Houssay
• Luis Federico Leloir
• César Milstein
• Narcís Monturiol i Estarriol
• Severo Ochoa
• Ellen Ochoa
• Santiago Ramón y CajalUse It!
• Michael Servetus


^ SCIHIST
GRAVITY

Galileo and Einstein, Lecture Notes by Michael Fowler
• Overview and Lecture Index
• Galileo's Acceleration
• Naturally Accelerated Motion
• Describing Motion
• Using History to Teach Science


^ SCIHIST
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Industrial Revolution: Internet Modern History Sourcebook
The Industrial Revolution: American: IRWeb
Industrial Revolution - A Trip To The Past: detailed
Lectures on The Industrial Revolution in England Arnold Toynbee
Richard Guest: The Steam Loom: Modern History Sourcebook
Samuel Slater and the American industrial Revolution
Steam Engine Library
William Radcliffe Power Looms: Modern History Sourcebook

^ SCIHIST
INSTRUMENTS
including.. Astolabes
ars machina.com Links, Sales) compasses & sundials, fine art, globes & maps, microscopes, telescopes

Cathode Ray Tube siteUse It! old electronic glassware history and Physical Instruments

Epact: Scientific Instruments of Medieval and Renaissance Europe
• Articles, Glossary
• Catalogue of instruments

The Gemmary Instruments Forum & rare books
History of Scientific Instruments Wolfgang R. Dick

Kenyon College, Department of Physics: Instruments for Natural PhilosophyUse It!

Introduction to Optical Microscopy and PhotomicrographyUse It! Museum,   Molecular Expression: Florida State U

Scientific Instrument Commission Bibliography
Scientific and Medical Antiques by Thomas E. Jones

Wikipedia
• Mass spectrometry
• Spectrometer


^ SCIHIST or INSTRUMENTS
Astrolabes

U Hawaii, Institute for Astronomy
• Astrolabe History

Astrolabes Made by Norman Greene
HISTORY OF MICROSCOPES
also see... §Microscopy§
^ SCIHIST
ISLAM
also see.. Alchemy, §Religions & Spirituality§

History of Science and Technology in Islam by Ahmad Y. Al-Hassan, Links
• Articles

MuslimHeritage.com
• Science
• TimeLine

Saudiaramcoworld.com: Rediscovering Arabic Science

Wikipedia
• Astronomy in medieval Islam
• Physics in medieval Islam
• Science in medieval Islam


^ SCIHIST
MASTERS OF SCIENCEalso see..
§MATHEMATICS§, §Geometry§, Physics

CHROLONOLOGICAL LIST
Archimedes (287 – 212 BC)
Aristotle (384 – 322 BC)
Copernicus, Nicolaus (1473 – 1543)
Bacon, Francis (1561 – 1626)
Galilei, Galileo (1564 – 1642)
Kepler, Johannes (1571 – 1630)
Descartes, René (1596 – 1650)
Boyle, Robert (1627 - 1692)
Newton, Isaac (1643 – 1727)
Carnot, Nicolas (1796 - 1832)
Darwin, Charles (1809 – 1882)
Maxwell, James Clerk (1831 – 1879)
Einstein, Albert (1879 – 1955)
Hawking, Stephen (1942-)
Thomson, Joseph John (1856 – 1940)

American Institute of Physics, The Human Face of Science: Mini-Exhibits
Caltech Archives: PhotoNet photographs (for personal, noncommercial use) with Search

Institute and Museum of the History of Science, Multimedia Catalogue: Biographies

MacTutor History of Mathematics archive

Wikipedia
• History of physics (category)
• History of Science
• History of scientific method


ARCHIMEDES (287 – 212 BC)

Archimedes Home Page by Chris Rorres, Professor Emeritus of Mathematics, Drexel U

PBS.org, Nova
• Archimedes


ARISTOTLE (384 – 322 BC)

Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, U Tennessee, Martin
• Aristotle (384-322 BCE): Motion and its Place in Nature

eBooks@Adelaide online texts, U Adelaide
• On the Heavens, Translated by J. L. Stocks
• Physics, Translated by R. P. Hardie and R. K. Gaye

PhysicsWeb.org
• Was Aristotle the first physicist? by Michael Rowan Robinson

Wikipedia: Aristotle
• On the Heavens
• Physics (Aristotle)


BACON, FRANCIS (1561 – 1626)

Constitution Society
• The New Organon (online) or True Directions Concerning the Interpretation of Nature

eBooks@Adelaide online texts, U Adelaide
• Francis Bacon (1561-1626)

Project Gutenberg online publications: Bacon, Francis, 1561-1626

Sir Francis Bacon's New Advancement of Learning
• Library

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Francis Bacon

Wikipedia: Francis Bacon (philosopher)
• Novum Organum new system of logic superior to Aristotelian syllogism


BOYLE, ROBERT (1627 - 1692)
Wikipedia: Robert Boyle

BRAHE, TYCHO (1546 – 1601)
Wikipediai: Tycho Brahe

CARNOT, NICOLAS (1796 - 1832)

Wikipedia: Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot
• Carnot heat engine


COPERNICUS, NICOLAUS (1473 – 1543)
Wikipedia: Nicolaus Copernicus

DARWIN, CHARLES (1809 – 1882)
also see.. §Evolution§

Wikipedia: Charles Darwin

Wikipedia: Evolution
• Creationism
• Natural Selection
• Masters
    º Darwin, Charles
    º Fisher, R.A.'s Modern Synthesis
    º Kimura, Motoo's Neutral Theory Of Molecular Evolution & Genetic Drift
    º Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste
    º Wallace, Alfred Russel
    º Crick, Francis & Watson, James's discovery of the structure of DNA
• Social Effect of Evolutionary Theory


DESCARTES, RENÉ (1596 – 1650)

eBooks@Adelaide online texts, U Adelaide
• Descartes, Rene, 1596-1650

Project Gutenberg online publications: Descartes, René, 1596-1650

Wikipedia: René Descartes
• Treatise on the World


EINSTEIN, ALBERT (1879 – 1955)
Einstein, Albert photographs for personal, noncommercial use, Caltech Archives: PhotoNet
Einstein, Albert, MacTutor History of Mathematics archive
Einstein - Image and Impact, The Human Face of Science: Mini-Exhibits, American Institute of Physics
Einstein in Princeton Scientist, Humanitarian, Cultural Icon, Historical Society of Princeton
Einstein Revealed (from PBS.org, Nova), Links
NobelPrize.org/: Albert Einstein Biography
Wikipedia