ELA Astronomy Directory

ASTRONOMY

visit..

^ ASTRONOMY

ASSOCIATIONS
American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO): General Public
Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA)
Global Network of Astronomical Telescopes (GNAT) small telescopes, non-profit catalyst & education
Hawaiian Astronomical Society Deep Sky Atlas, Links, Views of the Solar System
International Astronomical Union (IAU)
International Dark-Sky Association (IDA)

Students for the Exploration and Development of Space Use It!

(SEDS)
• Guides - Software, Orbital Telescopes
• Astronomy
º Astromaps
º Best of the Hubble Space Telescope
º Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 Archive collision with Jupiter
º Constellations
º Interactive NGC Catalog
º Messier Catalog
º Nine Planets Solar System Tour
º Web Nebulae

Students for the Exploration and Development of Space (SEDS)
• Guides - Software, Orbital Telescopes
• Astronomy
º Nine Planets Solar System Tour

^ ASTRONOMY

ASTRONOMICAL UNITS, DISTANCE, MASS & TIME
also see.. §HISTORY of Astronomy§, §Relativity§, §STANDARDS§, §TIME§
Drew Olbrich A collection of personal projects
• Earth and Moon how the Earth and Moon would appear from an observer in space

Wikipedia
º Category:Cepheid variables
º Category:Standard candles
º Category:Units of measure in astronomy
• Astronomical constant
• Astronomical system of units
• Astronomical unit (AU)
• Cepheid variables pulsating variable stars, standard candles, foundation of the Extragalactic Distance Scale
• Cosmic distance ladder
• Distance measures (cosmology)
• Distance modulus μ=m-M; d=10^(μ/5)+1=10^(m-M+5)/5; m=apparent magnitude & M=absolute magnitude, as obtained from HR diagram
• Gigametre
• International Astronomical Union (IAU)
• Light-second
• Light-year
• Magnitude
º Absolute magnitude
º Apparent magnitude
º Luminosity distance
• Orders of magnitude (length)
• Parallax
• Parsec
• Standard Candle (see Cosmic distance ladder)
• Tip of the red giant branch distance indicator using luminosity of brightest red giant branch stars in a galaxy to gauge the galaxy's distance
• Triangulation

^ ASTRONOMY

AUDIO

Archive.org: Search Astronomy audio
• Curiosities of the Sky public domain audiobook, Garrett Serviss

The Universe in Mind hosted by Ivan Semeniuk, from Dunlap Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics, U Toronto

^ ASTRONOMY

BLACK HOLES
also see.. Galaxies
Andrew Hamilton's Homepage
• Falling Into a Black Hole

Black Holes from Mike Guidry

Books
•Exploring Black Holes: Introduction to General Relativity, John Archibald Wheeler, et al
•Black holes and time warps: Einstein's outrageous legacy, Kip S. Thorne

NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center: Imagine the Universe
• Black Holes
• First Black Holes Kept to a Strict Diet, Study Shows

New Scientist
• Black hole theory suggests light is slowing

Utrecht U Physics, Introduction to the Theory of Black Hole (pdf) by Gerard 't Hooft

Virtual Trips to Black Holes and Neutron Stars

MIT Open Courseware Use It!

All Courses Index, Audio/Video Courses, governed by Creative Commons license: Physics
• 8.224 Exploring Black Holes: General Relativity & Astrophysics: Videos & Lecture Notes

Wikipedia: Black hole
º Category:Black holes
º List of black holes
º Timeline of black hole physics
º Timeline of gravitational physics and relativity
• Bekenstein, Jacob (1947-) foundations of black hole thermodynamics
• Black body
• Black hole
• Black hole information paradox
• Black hole thermodynamics
• Compact star
• Einstein, Albert (1879-1955)
º Einstein field equations
• Entropy
• Event horizon
• General relativity
• Gravitational collapse
• Hawking, Stephen (1942-)
º Hawking radiation
• Holographic principle
• Kruskal-Szekeres coordinates
• Micro black hole (quantum black hole)
• No hair theorem black holes are characterized by only mass, electric charge, & angular momentum
• Penrose, Roger (1931-)
º Penrose process
• Primordial black holes
• Quantum gravity
• Rotating black hole
º Kerr metric
º Kerr-Newman metric
• Schwarzschild, Karl (1873-1916)
º Deriving the Schwarzschild solution of Einstein field equations, gravitational field outside a spherical, non-rotating mass eg, black hole
º Schwarzschild metric
º Schwarzschild radius
• Singularity
º Gravitational singularity
º Naked singularity
º Penrose-Hawking singularity theorems
• Stellar black hole
• Stellar evolution
• Supermassive black hole
• Susskind, Leonard (1940-) holographic principle
º Susskind-Hawking battle
• Price, Richard H. (1943-)
º Price's theorem any inhomogeneities in the spacetime geometry outside a black hole radiate away
• 't Hooft, Gerard (1946-) holographic principle, quantum gravity
• Thorne, Kip (1940-) black hole cosmology
º Hoop Conjecture
º Membrane paradigm
• Tidal force
• White hole
• Wormhole

^ ASTRONOMY

CEPHEID VARIABLES, VARIABLE STARS

American Association of Variable Star Observers Use It!

(AAVSO): General Public
• Delta Cephei

Periods Of 25 Variable Stars In The Small Magellanic Cloud, Harvard College Observatory Circular 173, 1912, Edward C. Pickering citing Henrietta Leavitt

The SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System Digital Library for Physics and Astronomy
• 1777 variables in the Magellanic Clouds by Henrietta Swan Leavitt
• 1777 variables in the Magellanic Clouds by Henrietta Swan Leavitt

Wikipedia
• Cepheid variables
• Leavitt, Henrietta Swan (1868-1921) discovered period-luminosity relation of Cepheid variables

^ ASTRONOMY

CONSTANTS
Welcome to the Astro-Physical Calculator programs & tables of constants: U Wisconsin

^ ASTRONOMY

CONSTELLATIONS & MYTHOLOGY
Chris Dolan, U Wisconsin Astronomy
• The Constellations and their Stars
º Alphabetical listing of constellations

Dome of the Sky, Planetarium from St Cloud State U
• Constellation List

History of Astronomy by Robert Harry van Gent
• Historical Celestial Atlases on the World Wide Web

Ian Ridpath’s Star Tales Constellation Mythology

Linda Hall Library: Online Exhibitions
• Out of This World The Golden Age of the Celestial Atlas, Rare Books

The Mythology of the Constellations from Cathy Bell
Salopian Web. Astronomy, Space, Radio and Computing Use It!

• Guide to The Constellations of the Night Sky Mythology, Legend & Facts

U Wisconsin, Astronomy
• The Constellations and their Stars by Chris Dolan
º Argo Navis

Wikipedia: Constellation
º Category:Constellations
º Category:Former constellations
º Category:Northern constellations
º Category:Southern constellations
º History of the constellations
º List of constellations
º Lists of stars by constellation
• Constellation
• Former constellations

Wikipedia Northern sky constellations: Constellation
º Category:Constellations
º Category:Former constellations
º Category:Northern constellations
º Lists of stars by constellation
• Andromeda the Chained Lady
• Aquarius the Water (Cup) bearer
• Aquila the Eagle
• Aries the Ram
• Auriga the Charioteer
• Asterism a recognizable pattern of stars which is not classified as a constellation
• Bootes the Herdsman or Plowman
• Cancer the Crab
• Canis Major the greater Dog
• Canis Minor the little Dog
• Canes Venatici the Hunting Dogs
• Capricornus the Sea Goat
• Cetus the Whale (Sea Monster)
• Corona Borealis the Northern Crown
• Crater the Cup
• Cygnus (the Northern Cross) the Swan
• Delphinus the Dolphin
• Equuleus the Little Horse
• Eridanus the River
• Hydra the Water Snake
• Leo the Lion
• Libra the Weighing Scales
• Lynx the Cat
• Lyra the Lyre
• Orion the Hunter, on celestial equator, visible throughout world, location of Orion Nebula
• Pegasus the Winged Horse
• Perseus Greek hero, location of star Algol & Perseids meteor shower
• Pisces the Fishes
• Sagittarius the Archer (teapot)
• Scutum the Shield
• Sea (astronomy) area of the sky in with many water-related constellations
• Taurus the Bull
• Ursa Major the Great Bear
• Ursa Minor the Little Bear
• Virgo the Virgin

Wikipedia Northern sky constellations: Constellation
º Category:Constellations
º Category:Former constellations
º Category:Southern constellations
º Lists of stars by constellation
• Aquarius the Water (Cup) bearer
• Canis Major the Greater Dog
• Capricornus the Sea Goat
• Hydra the Water Snake
• Libra the Weighing Scales
• Lupus the Wolf
• Norma the (Normal) Right Angle
• Sagittarius the Archer
• Scorpius the Scorpion
• Scutum the Shield
• Sextans the Sextant
• Virgo the Virgin

Windows to the Universe ( from the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research ), Search
• Myths about the Sky, Constellations, and Stars Use It!

^ ASTRONOMY

COORDINATES
AST A Library for Handling World Coordinate Systems in Astronomy : U St Andrews
Wikipedia: Celestial coordinate system
º Category:Celestial coordinate system
• Axial tilt
• Azimuth
• Celestial coordinate system
• Celestial pole
• Celestial sphere
• Declination
• Ecliptic
• Ecliptic coordinate system
• Ephemeris table giving astronomical object positions at given times
• Equatorial coordinate system
• Equinox
• Galactic coordinate system
• Horizontal coordinate system
• Inclination
• Meridian (astronomy)
• Nadir
• Right ascension
• Sidereal time
• Spherical astronomy (Positional Astronomy)
• Zenith
• Zodiac

^ ASTRONOMY

DATABASES, STAR CATALOGS
Aladin Interactive Sky Atlas, France
Astronomical Data Center (ADC), NASA Links
Astronomical Data Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Subaru Telescope, Hawaii

Astronomy Section, Rochester Academy of Science, Links
• Latest Supernovae

Atlas of the Andromeda Galaxy, Paul W. Hodge
Bester Tracking Systems, Inc.: Satellite Tracking
Centre de Donnees astronomiques de Strasbourg (CDS), France

European Southern Observatory (ESO), Archive
• HST Guide Star Catalogue

Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Search
• MAST Web Tutorial
• Run SpecView
• STScI Archive Manual

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS @Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophsics), Browse, Search Digital Library for Physics, Astrophysics, and Instrumentation
• Mirrors: U Nottingham

NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database, Links

NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), Help
• Images from the STScI Digitized Sky Survey

Naval Oceanography Portal: Astronomy
• Astronomical Almanac Online, Glossary ( pdf )
• Data Services Sun and Moon rise & set times, Moon phases, eclipses, seasons, positions of solar system objects, ( Alt )
• Software Products
• Washington Double Star Catalog

Open SkyQuery from the US National Virtual Observatory
SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) with Links to other NASA data centers

SIMBAD
• Aladin Sky Atlas Download or Applet
• Bibliographic Service
• Catalogues
• Developer's Corner “source packages are protected”... “rightholders authorize software usage for research purposes outside any lucrative use”
• Dictionary of Nomenclature of Celestial Objects
• Tutorials on CDS main services
• VizieR Service access catalogues from name or designation, or browse

Sloan Digital Sky Survey, Sky Server, About, Search
• Download software
• How To Tutorials
• Teachers lesson plans using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Visual Tools

Students for the Exploration and Development of Space (SEDS.org) Spider
• Constellations
• Guide to the Deepsky Astronomy Resources at SEDS
• Interactive NGC Catalog Online
• Messier Catalog
• NGC 5272 = M3

UK Astronomical Data Centre
VIM: Visual Integration and Mining research multiple sky positions simultaneously

^ ASTRONOMY

EARTH
also see.. Planets

Robert L. Nowack Professor of Geophysics, Purdue U: EAS 105, The Planets, Links
• Lecture 5 Newton's Laws and Earth's density

Wikipedia
• Cavendish experiment
• Cavendish, Henry
• Earth mass
• History of astronomy
• Michell, John
• Planetary mass
• Schiehallion experiment

^ ASTRONOMY

EDUCATION
also see.. Tutorials
European Association for Astronomy Education (EAAE)
• EAAE - IAU Summer Schools network for teachers interested in Astronomy: Astronomical Workshops Use It!

Contents
º Roemer and the Velocity of Light

Lectures Notes: Global Change Project: U Michigan
NASA - Digital Learning Network DLiNfo Channel
The Space Educator publication download: National Space Society (NSS)
Space Educator's Handbook

StarDate.org U Texas, McDonald Observatory outreach, SiteMap
• Lesson Plans don't miss the Enrichment Activities
º Build a Spectroscope
º Mirror Mirror
º Super Gelatin find the index of refraction

St. Louis Area Physics Teachers (SLAPT)
• Teaching Resources
• Relative Sizes of Planets Stars (ppt)

Northwestern U Dept Physics & Astronomy

^ ASTRONOMY

EXOPLANETOLOGY, EXTRASOLAR PLANETS
also see.. Planets

Center for Exoplanets & Habitable Worlds
Exocatalogue
• Model and Methods

ExoPlanets.org, Links
• California Planet Survey
• Methodology

The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia

Formation & Evolution of Planetary Systems (FEPS) Links
• Learn More

NASA/IPAC/NExScI Star and Exoplanet Database

NASA Kepler Mission
• Animations
• Kepler Discovery (video at YouTube) confirmed planet discoveries
• Movies
• NASA Kepler News

PlanetHunters.org help search for new extrasolar planets by analyzing NASA's Kepler mission data, Forum
• Tutorial Video

Space Telescope Science Institute

Virtual Planetary Laboratory
• Education and Public Outreach Homepage

Wikipedia
º Category:Exoplanetology
º Category:Exoplanets
º Category:Extrasolar planets
º List of planetary systems
• Exoplanetology
• Extrasolar planet
• Kepler (spacecraft)
• Methods of detecting extrasolar planets
• Space Telescope Science Institute

^ ASTRONOMY

EXTRATERRESTRIAL INTELLIGENCE
SETI@home connect your home computer to Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence

^ ASTRONOMY

FIND
DIRECTORIES-Astronomy
dmoz.org Open Directory | Google.com | WikiPedia | Yahoo.com

AbsoluteAstronomy.com, News, Q&A (Ask an astronomy question)
• select from Constellations, Galaxies, Messier Objects, Moons, Nebulas, Planets, Stars
• Reference

Ardan Scientific Programming, L.L.C. - Links
The Astronomical Society of the Pacific
The Astronomy Net articles, Forum, News, products, pubs...

AstroWeb ( Space Telescope Science Institiute ): Astronomical Internet Resources, Links
• AstroWeb Consortium:
º CDS, Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg
º Institute of Astronomy, UK
º VILSPA, Villafranca Satellite Tracking Station, Spain, European Space Agency
º NARO, Charlottsville National Radio Astronomy Observatory

AstroWeb: Astronomy/Astrophysics on the Internet

AstroWeb: Astronomy/Astrophysics on the Internet Links: MSSSO
dmoz.org astronomy Links: Open Directory Project
Earth & Sky

Michigan Electronic Library
• Space & Astronomy

Niel Brandt (a.k.a. William Nielsen Brandt) Professor of Astronomy & Astrophysics
• from Penn State U, Dept Astronomy & Astrophysics

PSIgate Physical Science Information Gateway
• Astronomy Gateway

Qozi.com - Astronomy (Links)
SEM: Science, Engineering, & Math Links: U Delaware

TCAEP.co.uk Constants and Equations Pages, About, Site Download
• sponsored by the Institute of Physics
• Astronomy
• Math
• Science
º Constants, interactive Conversions , Equations

U Southampton, Astronomy Group Links
• Databases, Institutes and Observatories, Journals

Space Subject Page
WebStars: Astrophysics in Cyberspace Portal: NASA HEASARC
WWW Virtual Library Astronomy, Astrophysics & AstroWeb Links

^ ASTRONOMY

FORUMS

Our Dark Skies, Forum
• Downloads
• Gallery

^ ASTRONOMY

GALAXIES
also see.. Black Holes, §Cosmology§, §HISTORY of Astronomy§, Stellar Evolution

GalaxyDynamics.org by John Dubinski, Links
• Animations
• Papers

Wikipedia: Galaxy
º Category:Astronomy timelines
º Category:Astrophysics
º Category:Cepheid variables
º Category:Extragalactic astronomy
º Category:Galaxies
º Category:Lists of galaxies
º Category:Radio astronomy
º Category:Standard candles
º Galaxy morphological classification
º List of galaxies
º List of Local Group galaxies
º List of nearest galaxies
º List of quasars
º Timeline of the Big Bang
º Timeline of black hole physics
º Timeline of cosmology
• Accretion (astrophysics)
• Accretion disk
• Active galactic nucleus (Active Galaxy) much higher than normal luminosity, compact region at the centre of an active galaxy
• Andromeda Galaxy (M31 or NGC 224) nearest spiral galaxy to the Milky Way
• Astrometry measures and explains positions & movements of celestial bodies
• Astrophysics
• Big Bang
• Binary system
• Black hole
º Event horizon
º Hawking radiation
º Schwarzschild radius
º Chandrasekhar limit
• Bulge
• Color-color diagram compare apparent magnitudes at different wavelengths
• Cosmic distance ladder
• Cosmology
• Disc (galaxy)
º Galactic plane
• Distance measures (cosmology)
º Cepheid variables pulsating variable stars, standard candles, foundation of the Extragalactic Distance Scale
º Cosmic distance ladder
º Distance modulus
• Dwarf galaxy
º Dwarf galaxy problem
• Elliptical galaxy
• Galactic coordinate system celestial coordinate system centered on the Sun, aligned with galactic plane & apparent center of Milky Way
• Galactic halo spherical component of galaxy extending beyond the visible component
º Dark matter halo hypothetical unobserved halo inferred from motions of stars & gas, extending beyond the edge of the visible galaxy, dominating total mass
º Galactic corona hot, ionised, gaseous component in the Galactic halo of a spiral galaxy
º Galactic spheroid structural portion of spiral galaxies
• Galactic tide
• Galaxy
• Galaxy color-magnitude diagram
• Galaxy formation and evolution
• Galaxy groups and clusters
º Brightest cluster galaxy(BCG)
º Local Group more than 30 galaxies including the Milky Way, Andromeda, Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, Triangulum
º Supercluster
• Galaxy merger
• Galaxy morphological classification
º Elliptical galaxy
º Irregular galaxy
º Spiral galaxy
º Lenticular galaxy
• Globular cluster
• Hubble, Edwin (1889-1953) demonstrated existence of galaxies other than the Milky Way, helped establish expanding universe
º Hubble's law
º Hubble sequence galaxy morphological classification scheme
• Interacting galaxy (Colliding galaxies)
º Antennae galaxies pair of interacting galaxies in the constellation Corvus
• Interstellar medium gas and dust (matter) between the star systems within a galaxy
• Inverse-square law
• Irradiance
• Lenticular galaxy intermediate between elliptical galaxy & spiral galaxy
• Luminosity
º Absolute magnitude intrinsic brightness or apparent magnitude of an boject placed at standard distance
º Apparent magnitude measure of object's brightness as seen from Eart
º Mass-luminosity relation
• Magellanic Clouds Local Group, irregular dwarf galaxies orbiting the Milky Way galaxy
• Messier 87 supergiant elliptical galaxy
º Large Magellanic Cloud irregular galaxy, satellite of the Milky Way, 50 kiloparsecs
º Small Magellanic Cloud 61 kiloparsecs
• Milky Way
• Milky Way Galaxy
º Galactic Center rotational center of the Milky Way galaxy, believed location of a supermassive black hole
• Physical cosmology
• Pinwheel Galaxy (M101 or NGC 5457)
• Protogalaxy
• Quasar very energetic and distant galaxy, most distant bodies in the observable universe
º Blazar
• Radiation
º Electromagnetic radiation
º Gamma ray
º Infrared
º Ionizing radiation
º Light
º Microwave
º Radio waves
º Ultraviolet
º Visible spectrum
º X-ray
• Radio astronomy
º Astronomical radio source
º Interferometry
º Radio waves
• Radio galaxy
• Redshift
º Cosmological redshift - due to the expansion of space (not observed within the Local Group of galaxies due to gravitational effects overwhelming expansion tendency)
º Doppler effect due to objects moving through space
º Gravitational redshift due to loss of energy in escaping a gravitational field
• Relativistic jet powerful jets of plasma which emerge from centers of some active galaxies
• Satellite galaxy
• Spectroscopy
º Absorption spectrum
º Continuous spectrum
º Diffraction grating
º Emission spectrum
º Gamma ray spectrometer
º Gamma spectroscopy
º Redshift
º Spectral line
º Spectrum analysis
º X-ray spectroscopy
• Spiral galaxy
º Barred spiral galaxy
º Spiral arms
• Star cluster clusters of stars within galaxies
º Globular cluster up to many billions of years old, tight spherical collection of stars that orbits galactic core
º Open cluster up to a few hundred million years old loosely bound collection of stars in galactic planes of star forming spiral or irregular galaxies
• Star system
• Stefan-Boltzmann law relation between temperature & irradiance
• Supercluster groups of smaller galaxy groups & clusters, among the largest structures of the cosmos
• Synchrotron radiation
• Triangulum Galaxy (M33 or NGC 598) spiral galaxy, third largest galaxy in the Local Group
• Void galaxy

^ ASTRONOMY

GEOSPACE, SUN-EARTH INTERACTION
also see.. §Earth Sciences§, §Weather§

High Frequency Auroral Research Program - Links
• Glossary of Solar Terrestrial Terms
• Ionosphere - About

NASA
• Earth Observatory analyze climatic & environmental change using satellite data
• Mission to Geospace
• Visible Earth

University Corporation for Atmospheric Research - Public Outreach
• About the Sun
• Windows to the Universe

Wikipedia
• Sun

Windows to the Universe from the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
• Search
• Space Weather Today - Effects, Solar Storms, Storm Displays, Sun-Earth

Youtube.com
• PhysTV
º Sun, Earth, Moon animation

^ ASTRONOMY

HUBBLE TELESCOPE
also see.. Space Telescopes, Telescopes

HubbleSite.org from the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI), About, SiteMap
• Future Cosmic Collision of our Milky Way & Andromeda galaxies
• Education and Museums
• Explore Astronomy
• Gallery
• gSky view the Universe through Google Earth
• Hubble's Universe Unfiltered Videos
• Image Tours
• Piercing the Sky historical perspective on telescopes
• Tonight's Sky monthly presentations on current views of constellations, deep sky objects, planets & events

Space Telescope Science Institute (Hubble) data, education, events, News, pictures, science, software
Wright Center for Innovative Science Education Use It!

Tufts U
• Classroom Activities and resources
º STARFINDER Hubble Space Telescope video series

^ ASTRONOMY

INFRARED
Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) data archive, events, gallery, Links, publications, software
NASA Infrared Telescope Facility, from U Hawaii, Institute for Astronomy

^ ASTRONOMY

IMAGES
also see.. §PHOTOGRAPHY§
Astro-Nomie-Physique at WordPress.com
Dave's Astronomy Pictures
Image Gallery Dearborn Observatory

Images of the Universe A Journey Through Time Astrophotography by Dave Jurasevich, Links Use It!

• Equipment
• Gallery

Burnell, Jim
Caligiuri, Michael
Cannistra, Steve
Catterall, Adrian
Celestial Images Astral Photography
Cohen, Gilles
Croman, Russell

M.T.S.O Astronomy Page by Mark Sibole, Links
• DSI Images
• Imaging and Processing Tips
• Latest Images

NASA
• Astronomy Picture of the Day - Archive, Index, Search
• Earth
• Earth from Space
• NSSDC Photo Gallery, planetary, astronomical objects, project indices
• Photo Gallery

Ole's Astronomy Site using a Celestron G-5

Our Dark Skies, Forum
• Downloads
• Gallery

Ricks Astro Photography
• WhatsUp an astronomy/astrophotography planning tool

StarryScapes.com, Loke Kun Tan's Astrophotography

^ ASTRONOMY

INSTRUMENTS
Ultraviolet Coronograph Spectrometer SOHO UVCS Experiment Handbook

^ ASTRONOMY

EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE
Life in the Universe NASA Exobiology
Seti@Home

^ ASTRONOMY

MICROWAVES
Legacy Archive for Microwave Background Data Analysis from NASA

NASA's data center for Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) research
• Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe
º Software

^ ASTRONOMY

MOON

Dave's Astronomy Pictures
• The Moon - Phases

Hubble Heritage Project
• Image Gallery

HubbleSite.org ( Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) )
• Picture Album

Wikipedia
• Lunar phase
• Moon

^ ASTRONOMY

NASA & SPACE TRAVEL
Apollo 16 Lunar Surface Journal
Astronomy Picture of the Day - Archive, Index, Search
Earth Fly By Photos from Galileo
Kennedy Space Center Science and Technology Home Page: NASA
NASA Spacelink Electronic Library Image Files Map
NASA Timeline
Planetary Photojournal NASA
Project Galileo - Jupitor
Space Biology an Educator's Resource, Glossary, Links, Modules
universetoday.com - Links

^ ASTRONOMY

NEBULAE

Wikipedia:
º Nebula
º Category:Dark nebulae
º Category:Diffuse nebulae
º Category:Emission nebulae
º Category:Lists of nebulae
º Category:Nebulae
º Category:Reflection nebulae
º Category:Supernova remnants
º List of dark nebulae
º List of diffuse nebulae
º List of nebulae
º List of planetary nebulae
º List of protoplanetary nebulae
º List of supernova remnants
• Diffuse nebulae
• Emission nebula
º Barnard's Loop: Horsehead Nebula Orion Nebula
º Eagle Nebula
• Orion Nebula (M42, or NGC 1976) closest region of massive star formation to Earth, 1,350 ly, naked eye visible
• Planetary nebula
• Reflection nebula
• Supernova remnant
º Crab Nebula in Taurus
º Pulsar wind nebula

^ ASTRONOMY

NEWS, JOURNALS, ARTICLES
also see.. §Science & Technology News§

Directory of Open Access Journals Use It!

• Mathematics and Statistics
• Physics and Astronomy
• Science General

LiveScience.com
• Space

MSNBC: Cosmic Log

The SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System Digital Library for Physics and Astronomy
• 1777 variables in the Magellanic Clouds by Henrietta Swan Leavitt

Sky and Telescope Magazine books, imaging, News, resources, tips
• Sky Blogs
º Ivan Semeniuk Embedded Universe
º News Blog from the editors

Space.com
UniverseToday.com

^ ASTRONOMY

OBSERVATORIES

Anglo-Australian Observatory, SiteMap
• Databases and Catalogues
• Images
• Library - Journals Online

Cambridge Astronomical Survey Unit (CASU)
• UK Astronomical Data Centre
• INT Wide Field Survey
º Data Access, Release

Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, Links

European Southern Observatory, Search, SiteMap
• Archive - Digitized Sky Survey, HST Guide Star Catalogue, Public Datasets
• Gallery
• Software, Support & Tools

Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) data archive, events, gallery, Links, publications, software

Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO), Tuscon, AZ
• part of the National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO)
• Image Gallery

Lick Observatory U California
MIT Haystack Observatory
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Subaru Telescope, Mauna Kea, Hawaii
• Archive, Links
• jMAISON Multi-wavelength Astronomical Image Service ON-line
National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO), Links

^ ASTRONOMY

OPTICS/TELESCOPES
also see.. Hubble, §Microscopy§, §Optics§, Space Telescopes

400 Years of the Telescope a journey of science, technology & thought from PBS.org

Aberrator freeware: common telescope defects; Point-Spread & Modulation Transfer functions (Win95/98)

Amateur Telescope Optics how arer images formed, what factors determine quality
• Telescope system specifications

ATM Mirror Mathematics

ATMOS ATM optical design & analysis software by Massimo Riccardi, amateur telescope maker
• Download Freeware Demo

Celestron.com ($) Astronomy, Sport Optics, Microscope manufacturer
• Telescopes

Cell freeware floatation mirror cell design program for reflecting telescopes

Global Network of Astronomical Telescopes (GNAT) for small telescope users, Links
• Archives
• Gallery
• Information: Specs, White Papers

Internet Encyclopedia of Science by David Darling
• Telescope Equipment and Techniques

Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes, About
• Astronomy
• Engineering
• Public Information

Meade Instruments Corporation telescopes, binoculars, microscopes
• Manuals

MicroObservatory
• Image Directory, Archive
• Select Telescope Site
• Observing with NASA

MIT
• MIT researchers create a 'perfect mirror'

Mount Wilson Observatory
• request an observing session
• Virtual Tour

Rating Mirrors article with Links by Mel Bartels
SkyAndTelescope.com
Sky and Telescope Magazine books, imaging, News, resources, tips

Skyview virtual telescope from NASA
• Interfaces:
º Basic, Advanced
º Custom
º Java all functions plus color tables change, image overlays & rescaling, zooming..
º Non-Astronomer

Stellafane ATM Pages (Amateur Telescope Making)
The Telescope historical article
Telescopes & Astronomy Sales and astronomy information, Contents, SiteMap & Search, Astralia

Wikipedia
º Category:Space observatories
º Category:Telescopes
º Category:Telescope types
º History of astronomy
º History of the telescope
º List of largest optical telescopes historically
º List of largest optical reflecting telescopes
º List of largest optical refracting telescopes
º List of radio telescopes
º List of space observatories
º Timeline of telescopes, observatories, and observing technology
º Timeline of telescope technology
• Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) radio telescope array
• Cassegrain reflector
• Klevtsov-Cassegrain telescope
• Liquid mirror
• Mauna Kea Observatory
• Maksutov telescope
• Newtonian telescope
• Radio astronomy
• Radio telescope
• Reflecting telescope
• Refracting telescope
• Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope
• W. M. Keck Observatory

WorldWideTelescope.org Use It!

(WWT) virtual telescope Web 2.0 visualization software, view some of highest resolution imagery About

^ ASTRONOMY

PARALLAX

Wikipedia
• Aberration of light
• Astronomical constant
• Astronomical unit
• Cosmic distance ladder
• Luminosity
• Parallax
• Parsec

^ ASTRONOMY

PLANETS
also see.. Extrasolar Planets, Solar System

NakedEyePlanets.com by Martin J. Powell
• Wandering Stars movements & visibility cycles of naked eye planets

Nine Planets (ads)

Robert L. Nowack Professor of Geophysics, Purdue U: EAS 105, The Planets, Links

Wikipedia
º Category:Exoplanetology
º Category:History of astronomy
º Category:Planets
º Category:Planets of the Solar System
º Category:Types of planet
º List of planetary systems
º List of Solar System objects in hydrostatic equilibrium
º Timeline of solar system astronomy
• Astrology
º Astrology and astronomy
º History of astrology
• Astronomy
º History of astronomy
• Classical planet naked eye planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn forming the 7 classical planets with Sun & Moon from which the days of the week are named
• Earth
• Extragalactic planet
• Extrasolar planet
º Free-floating planet
º Gravitational microlensing
º Methods of detecting extrasolar planets
º Pulsar planet
º Rogue planet
• Extraterrestrial life
• Gas giant
• Habitable zone
• Heliocentrism
• Jupiter (5) largest planet, 3rd-brightest night sky object, gas giant, 63 moons
• Kepler's laws of planetary motion
• Mars
• Mercury
• Neptune
• Planet
• Pluto (dwarf planet) 2nd largest
• Saturn
• Solar System
• Uranus
• Venus
• Week-day names Sun-Sun, Mon-Moon, Tues-Mars, Wed-Mercury, Thur-Jupiter, Fri-Venus, Sat-Saturn

^ ASTRONOMY

PLANETARIUMS
also see.. Sky Maps
Adler Planetarium & Astronomy Museum
NASA's Observatorium
Planetarium.net books, education, Links, Forum, News

^ ASTRONOMY

PROJECT GALILEO
Project Galileo (JPL)

^ ASTRONOMY

RADIO ASTRONOMY
Big Ear Radio Observatory, Links
• Beginner's Guides
• Big Ear Design & Construction
• Cosmic Search Magazine first magazine about SETI, complete Set of 13 issues
• Dr. John Kraus “Big Ear designer, a pioneer in field”

Cyberia from U Illinois
• Science for the Millennium, Movie Index
º Whispers from the Cosmos

European Radio Astronomy Club, Links to ( Observations, Radio Telescopes )

History of Radio Astronomy, NASA
The History of Radio Astronomy a Bibliography 1898-1983, Sarah Stevens-Rayburn

Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics: The History of Jodrell Bank
• 1945-1950 The Early History
• 1951-1957 The 250ft Mk I Radio Telescope
• 1957-1960's The MKI and the discovery of Quasars
• 1964 The MKII Radio Telescope
• 1970 The MKIA Radio Telescope
• 1976 The Multi-Telescope-Radio-Linked-Interferometer
• 1990's The Multi-Element-Radio-Linked-Interferometer-Network (MERLIN)
• 2000 The Lovell Telescope Upgrade

MIT Haystack Observatory
• 37-meter Radio Telescope, Links
• Radio Astornomy at Haystack
• Small Radio Telescope (SRT) radio astronomy with a satellite TV dish

Millimetre-wave Radio Astronomy Institute ( El Instituto de Radioastronomía Milimétrica, IRAM ) in France

National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NARO), SiteMap
• Sites and Telescopes: Charlottesville, VA, Green Bank, WV, Socorro, NM, Tuscon, AZ
• Archives institutional records, personal papers & oral histories
• History of Radio Astronomy
º Early Radio Astronomy: The Ham Radio Connection
º Grote Reber
º Karl Jansky and the Discovery of Cosmic Radio Waves
º NRAO Timeline
º Pre-History of Radio Astronomy
• Image Gallery
• Library

NRAO Very Large Array Socorro, NM
Radio Astronomy Web Ring

Radiosky Publishing
• Radio Astronomy History in a Nutshell

Wikipedia: Radio astronomy
º Category:Astronomical radio sources
º Category:Astronomy timelines
º Category:Cosmic microwave background experiments
º Category:History of radio
º Category:Radio astronomy
º Category:Radio telescopes
º History of Radio
º Timeline of cosmic microwave background astronomy
• Astronomical radio source
• Jansky, Karl Guthe (1905-1950) designed 20.5 MHz rotating antenna & discovered radio waves emanating from the Milky Way's center, 1931
• Kraus, John D. (1910-2004) antenna theory
• Radio astronomy
• Radio galaxy
• Reber, Grote (1911-2002) conducted the first sky survey in the radio frequencies with receiver built in back yard
• Spark-gap transmitter
• Synchrotron radiation generated naturally by fast electrons moving through magnetic fields in space
• Vacuum tube
• Very Long Baseline Interferometry

^ ASTRONOMY

SATELLITES

CASTOR Canadian Astronomy Satellite Tracking & Optical Research, About
• Orbit Mechanics
• Papers & Articles
• Satellite Basics

N2yo.com real time satellite tracking

^ ASTRONOMY

SKYMAPS & VIRTUAL SPACE TRAVEL
also see.. Planetariums

AJ's Cosmic Thing stationary or moving plots, time, date, longitude, latitude, position (Java)
Aladin Java: An Interactive Sky Atlas: Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg
GrandTour Voyager/Giotto Mission Simulator (Windows/Dos freeware)
Sky3D entire sky, interactive 3-d views (Win95/98/NT shareware)
ExInEd Home Page picture books, reports, tutorials: Space Telescope Science Institute

Fourmilab Switzerlandby John Walker, founder of Autodesk, Inc., SiteMap
• Earth and Moon Viewer Solar System Live
º Inner Planets
º Entire Solar System
• Your Sky interactive planetarium

Solar System Live by John Walker from fourmilab
• Inner Planets
• Entire Solar System

StarStrider 3D planetarium (Win 9x shareware)
Free Virtual Galaxy Project 3D virtual reality Solar System, fly to Milky Way stars (DOS freeware)
ChView 3-d view near stars, stellar information (Win3.x/95 freeware)

^ ASTRONOMY

SOFTWARE/APPLETS
also see.., §SOFTWARE§

AASTeX Package for Manuscript Preparation (LaTeX-based) macros, About, FAQ
Andromeda Software, Inc.: Science CD-ROMs for IBM & Mac
Astronomical Information Processing System: National Radio Astronomy Observatory

Astronomy Education at U Nebraska-Lincoln
• Astronomy Simulations and Animations
º Daylight Hours Explorer
º Doppler Shift Demonstrator
º Rotating Sky Explorer
º Seasons and Ecliptic Simulator
º Sun Motions Overview

Astronomy software servers: NRAO/Charlottesville

ATMOS ATM optical design & analysis software by Massimo Riccardi, amateur telescope maker
• Download Freeware Demo

Celestia free Open Source Software from SourceForge.net
• real-time 3D space simulation, views of the universe from throughout the universe

CelestiaMotherlode.net Addon Repository for Celestia

CLEA Project: Overview of Available Software
• from Gettysburg College, Physics
• Current Versions of the CLEA software Download: (Excel) list: latest version numbers
• General Technical User's Manual (pdf) REQUIRED
• Astrometry of Asteroids
• Flow of Energy Out of the Sun
• Height of Lunar Mountains from an associated Non-CLEA developer
• Hubble RedShift-Distance Relation
• Large Scale Structure of the Universe
• Photoelectric Photometry of the Pleiades
• Radio Astronomy of Pulsars
• Revolution of the Moons of Jupiter
• Spectral Classification of Stars
• Rotation of Mercury by Doppler Effect

Cybersky.com ($) software to explore the sky of the present, or of the distant past and future, print skymaps
dmoz.org astronomy software Links: Open Directory Project
manymoons some odd assumptions when close
MyStars! Shareware: Relative Data Products
Sky Charts, Free Astronomy software to draw sky charts
The sky in your computer computer science & astronomy shareware & freeware software
StarChart free, Open Source, Unix star mapping software at SourceForge.net, Manual

StarLink Project Use It!

About, FAQ, Links, News, Search, SiteMap
• Documentation, Download info, Software Store (GPL License Downloads, Unix)
• Getting Started
• Software, Java Software (data access, reduction and analysis)

Stellarium renders 3D photo-realistic skies in real time with OpenGL
• display stars, constellations, planets, nebulas; ground, landscape, atmosphere...
• free Open Source software from sourceforge.net (language: C, C++)

Stellarium.org Use It!

free open source planetarium for Linux, Mac & Windows, About, Forum

^ ASTRONOMY

SOLAR SYSTEM & SIMULATION
also see.. Planets, Software

Celestia free Open Source Software from SourceForge.net
• real-time 3D space simulation, travel through solar system and to over 100,000 near stars

Galileo Project
• Education and Public Outreach Website
º Glossary

Planetary Photojournal NASA

Students for the Exploration and Development of Space (SEDS)
• Our Planets Use It!

A Multimedia Tour of the Solar System

Solar System Coloring Book Index facts, images & links: U Mich
Solar System Visualization online solar system objects & spacecraft animations/movies: NASA
U Tennessee, Knoxville , Physics & Astronomy: Astronomy 161
• The Solar System

Views Of The Solar System by Calvin J. Hamilton
Virtual Solar System Use It!

nationalgeographic.com
Welcome to the Planets best images from NASA's planetary exploration program

Wikipedia
• Solar nebula
• Sun
• Plasma
º Solar wind
• Mercury
• Venus
• Earth
º Earth's magnetic field
• Mars
• Asteroid belt
• Jupiter
• Saturn
• Uranus
• Neptune
• Pluto
• Comets, Dust, Meteoroids

N-BODY & SOLAR SYSTEM SIMULATIONS

Central Force Motion with Java newtonian gravity, relativistic, 1/r⁴...
Gravel N-Body Newtonian physics simulation (freeware)
Gravitation Home Page 2-d applet, no source code
Kepler's Laws Java source - orbit (hyperboloid) drawn from chosen position and velocity
Let's make a solar system Java (4th order Runge-Kutta) applet - sun, earth, moon orbits
NASA's java solar system displays planet orbits
N-Body Java application with source code for RK-4
NBody simulates evolution of planets from dust cloud, bodies join when close
OpenUniverse Open Source 3D Solar System (& beyond) simulation
Solar System Applet 3-d solar system applet - rotate, zoom; Links
Unit 1 Simulations physics applets
Xstar N-body Solver with N-body problem introductory text (open source Unix)

^ ASTRONOMY

SPACE TELESCOPES
also see.. Hubble, Telescopes

Wikipedia
º Category:Space observatories
º List of space observatories
• James Webb Space Telescope
• Kepler (spacecraft)
• Hipparcos High precision parallax collecting satellite
• Hubble Space Telescope
• Space observatory

^ ASTRONOMY

STARS
also see.. Stellar Evolution, Sun

Wikipedia northern celestial hemisphere (NCH) stars, light years (ly)
• Aldebaran Alpha Tauri orange giant, one of the brightest, 65 ly
• Antares Alpha Scorpii red supergiant, 16th brightest, 600 ly
• Arcturus Alpha Bootis, 3rd brightest
• Binary system
• Capella Alpha Aurigae, 6th brightest, 3rd brightest in NCH, 42 ly
• Polaris (North Star) Alpha Ursae Minoris, 430 ly, multiple star
• Regulus brightest in Leo, 77.5 ly
• Sirius Alpha Canis Majoris, brightest in night sky, 9 ly
• Spica Alpha Virginis, 15th brightest in night sky, 260 ly
• Vega Alpha Lyrae, 5th brightest, 2nd brightest in NCH, 25 ly

^ ASTRONOMY

STELLAR EVOLUTION & CLASSIFICATION
also see.. §Cosmology§, Galaxies, §HISTORY of Astronomy§, Stars, Sun

ASTR 606, Stellar Structure and Evolution, Cole Miller, U Maryland, Astronomy

Astronomy 162 Introduction to Stars, Galaxies, & the Universe, Richard W. Pogge, Ohio State U, Astronomy
º Unit 2: “The Starry Dynamo” The Structure & Evolution of Stars

Wikipedia: Stellar evolution
º Category:Astronomy timelines
º Category:Astrophysics
º Category:Hertzsprung-Russell classifications
º Category:Radio astronomy
º Category:Standard candles
º Category:Star types
º Category:Stellar astronomy
º Category:Stellar evolution
º Category:Standard candles
º Timeline of the Big Bang
º Timeline of black hole physics
º Timeline of cosmology
º Timeline of stellar astronomy
º Timeline of white dwarfs, neutron stars, and supernovae
º Category:Stellar evolution
• Aberration of light apparent (false) motion of celestial objects
• Accretion (astrophysics)
• Accretion disk
º Circumstellar disk gas, dust, planetesimals, asteroids or collision fragments in orbit around a star
• Astrometry measures and explains positions & movements of celestial bodies
• Astrophysics
• Big Bang
• Big bang nucleosynthesis
• Binary system
º Binary star
• Black dwarf hypothetical stellar remnant from cooled white dwarf
• Black hole
º Event horizon
º Hawking radiation
º Schwarzschild radius
º Chandrasekhar limit
• Brown dwarf
• Cepheid variables pulsating variable stars, standard candles, foundation of the Extragalactic Distance Scale
• Color-color diagram compare apparent magnitudes at different wavelengths
• Cosmic distance ladder
• Cosmic microwave background
• Cosmology
• 61 Cygni 11.4 ly, first star distance ever measured by Friedrich Bessel
• Distance measures (cosmology)
º Cepheid variables pulsating variable stars, standard candles, foundation of the Extragalactic Distance Scale
º Cosmic distance ladder
º Distance modulus
º Parallax
º Tip of the red giant branch distance indicator using luminosity of brightest red giant branch stars in a galaxy to gauge the galaxy's distance
º Triangulation
• Electromagnetic spectrum
• Electron degeneracy pressure
º Degenerate matter
• Formation and evolution of the Solar System
º Nebular hypothesis
• Galaxy
º Active galactic nucleus
º Andromeda Galaxy
º Galaxy formation and evolution
º Milky Way Galaxy
• General relativity
• Gravitational collapse
• Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
º Instability strip
º Stellar birthline
º Turnoff point
• Hubble's law
• Interstellar cloud accumulation of gas, plasma and dust within galaxies
º Molecular cloud density and size permits molecule formations, stellar nursery if star formation is occurring within
• Interstellar medium
• Inverse-square law
• Irradiance
• Luminosity
º Absolute magnitude intrinsic brightness or apparent magnitude of an boject placed at standard distance
º Apparent magnitude measure of object's brightness as seen from Eart
º Mass-luminosity relation
• Main sequence
º O-type main sequence star blue
º B-type main sequence star blue-white
º A-type main sequence star white
º F-type main sequence star yellow-white
º G-type main sequence star yellow, eg, the Sun
º K-type main sequence star orange
º M-type main sequence star, red
• Nebular hypothesis
• Neutron star
º Pulsar
• Nova
• Nuclear fusion
º Big Bang nucleosynthesis
º Deuterium
º Hydrogen
º Helium
º Helium fusion
º Nucleosynthesis
º Stellar nucleosynthesis
º Supernova nucleosynthesis
• Orion Nebula example of a stellar nursery containing stars in various stages of formation
• Physical cosmology
• Planetary nebula
º Emission nebula
• Pre-main sequence star
• Proper motion
• Protoplanetary disk rotating circumstellar disk of dense gas surrounding a young newly formed star
• Quasar very energetic and distant galaxy, most distant bodies in the observable universe
º Blazar
• Radial velocity
• Radiation
º Electromagnetic radiation
º Gamma ray
º Infrared
º Ionizing radiation
º Light
º Microwave
º Radio waves
º Ultraviolet
º Visible spectrum
º X-ray
• Radio astronomy
º Astronomical radio source
º Interferometry
º Radio waves
• Red dwarf
• Red Giant
• Redshift
• Spectroscopy
º Absorption spectrum
º Continuous spectrum
º Diffraction grating
º Emission spectrum
º Gamma ray spectrometer
º Gamma spectroscopy
º Redshift
º Spectral line
º Spectrum analysis
º X-ray spectroscopy
• Standard Candle (see Cosmic distance ladder)
• Star
• Star cluster clusters of stars within galaxies
º Globular cluster up to many billions of years old, tight spherical collection of stars that orbits galactic core
º Open cluster up to a few hundred million years old loosely bound collection of stars in galactic planes of star forming spiral or irregular galaxies
• Star formation
• Star system
º Multiple star systems
º Binary star
• Stefan-Boltzmann law relation between temperature & irradiance
• Stellar classification
• Stellar evolution
• Stellar nucleosynthesis
• Stellar structure
• Sun
º Chromosphere
º Corona
º Photosphere
º Solar flare
º Solar prominence
º Solar transition region
º Standard Solar Model
º Sunspot
• Supergiant
• Supernova
º Type II supernova
º Supernova nucleosynthesis
• Variable star
º Cepheid variable
• Vogt-Russell theorem
• White dwarf
• Young stellar object
º Pre-main sequence star
º Protostar

^ ASTRONOMY

SUN, Our STAR
also see.. §Solar Energy§, Stars, Stellar Evolution

Alien Worlds shedding light on our unearthly universe
• The Structure of the Sun

Google Video
• The Universe: Secrets of the Sun

PBS: NOVA
• Secrets of the Sun

Wikipedia: Sun
º Category:Missions to the Sun
º Category:Solar phenomena
º Category:Solar telescopes
º Category:Sun
• Afterglow colored appearance of earth's atmosphere due to dust particles
• Aurora (astronomy) light emmisions of ionized oxygen (green or brownish-red) & nitrogen (blue, red or pink) caused by solar wind
• Chromosphere between the photosphere and solar transition region
• Convection zone
• Corona
º Coronal hole
º Coronal loop
º Coronal mass ejection
• Coronium
• Declination#Declination of the Sun as seen from Earth
• Dyson, Freeman (1923)
º Dyson sphere
• Ecliptic
• Faint young Sun paradox
• G-type main sequence star
• Geomagnetic storm
• Helios (spacecraft)
• Helioseismology
• Heliosphere bubble of charged particles surrounding the solar system blown outward by solar wind
• Heliophysics
• Ionization
• Lagrange point
• Living With a Star (LWS) NASA program
• Nuclear fusion
• Photosphere
• Plasma (physics)
• Radiation zone
• Ray (optics)
º Anticrepuscular ray
º Crepuscular ray
• SOHO spacecraft (see Solar and Heliospheric Observatory)
• Solar Atmosphere
º Chromosphere
º Corona
º Photosphere
• Solar core
• Solar cycle
º Solar maximum
º Solar minimum
• Solar Dynamics Observatory launched 2010
• Solar eclipse
• Solar Energetic Particles
• Solar flare
• Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft
• Solar luminosity
• Solar mass
• Solar neutrino problem
• Solar Orbiter planned 2017 launch
• Solar physics
• Solar power
• Solar prominence
• Solar radius
• Solar storm (see Geomagnetic Storm)
º Solar storm of 1859
• Solar system
• Solar transition region
• Solar variation
• Solar wind
• Space weather
• Space Weather Prediction Center
• Spectrohelioscope
• Spectrum
º Visible spectrum
• Standard solar model
• Star
• Stellar classification
º Main sequence star
º G-type main sequence star
• Stellar evolution
• Stellar magnetic field
• Stellar structure
• Sun
• Sunlight
• Sunrise
• Sunrise equation
• Sunset
• Sunspot

^ ASTRONOMY

SUPERNOVAS

Brookhaven National Laboratory: SNEWS: SuperNova Early Warning System
• Supernovas: Making Astronomical History
Wikipedia: Supernova

^ ASTRONOMY

TUTORIALS
also see.. Education

Amazing Space from the Space Telescope Science Institute
• Capture the Cosmos
• Hubble Gallery
• Online Exploration

Astronomy 162 Introduction to Stars, Galaxies, & the Universe, Richard W. Pogge, Ohio State U, Astronomy

European Association for Astronomy Education (EAAE)
• EAAE - IAU Summer Schools network for teachers interested in Astronomy: Astronomical Workshops Use It!

Contents
º Roemer and the Velocity of Light

James Schombert, U Oregon, Physics: Astronomy 122: Birth and Death of Stars 26 Lectures with Quizes
• Lectures
º 1. Introduction
º 2. Celestial Sphere
º 3. Matter & Energy
º 4. Light

AbsoluteAstronomy.com

Amazing Space from the Space Telescope Science Institute (STSI), Links, SiteMap
• Capture the Cosmos
º Black Holes, Comets, Galaxies, Solar system, Stars & stellar evolution
º Gravity, Light and color
º History of science
• Online Explorations
º Comets, Planet Impact!, Solar System Trading Cards
º Galaxies Galore, Galaxy Hunter
º From Galileo to HST
º Hubble Deep Field Academy
º Mission Mastermind
º Star Light, Star Bright
º The Truth About Black Holes
• For educators and developers

Ask an Astronomer Use It!

( Ask ) About, Links
• from Cornell U, Astonomy ( Resources ) additional Links within each site below
• Observational Astronomy: Eclipses, Telescopes, Timekeeping, Stargazing
• Solar System: Comets, Meters, Asteroids, Earth, Moon, Planets, Sun
• Universe: Black Holes, Quasars, Cosmology, Big Bang, Galaxies, Milky Way, Planets, Stars, Supernovae
• Miscellaneous:
º Careers
º History of Astronomy
º Physics, Relativity
º SETI,Extra-Terrestrial Life, Space Exploration, Astronauts

Ask Dr. Universe from Washington State U

Ask a Scientist Archive - Search: NEWTON/ANL, Argonne National Lab
• (bad link?) Astronomy

Astronomical Society of the Pacific
• An Ancient Universe: How Astronomers Know the Vast Scale of Cosmic Time

Bad Astronomy Be very, very careful what you put into that head, because you will never, ever get it out.

Cool Cosmos Heat, Temperature & Multiwave Astronomy, About, SiteMap

Imagine the Universe Use It!

from NASA, Dictionary, Links, SiteMap
• Cosmic Objects
º Active Galaxies & Quasars, Black Holes
º Cosmic Rays, Gamma-Ray Bursts, X-ray Binary Systems, X-ray Transients
º Dark Matter, Diffuse Background
º Neutron Stars and Pulsars
º Stars, Sun, Supernovae, White Dwarfs
• Special Exhibit, multimedia
• Teachers Corner Lesson Plans
• Stallites & Data to study the high-energy universe
• Science & Advanced Science with Search, black holes, galaxies & other objects
º Electromagnetic Spectrum - Intro: Radio, Micro-, Infrared, Visible, Ultraviolet, X- & Gamma- Ray

Liftoff to Space Exploration StarChild Astronomical Data Services
Messier Catalog from the Students for the Exploration and Development of Space (SEDS)

MIT Open Courseware Use It!

All Courses Index, Audio/Video Courses
• Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences
• Physics

Ned Wright's Cosmology Tutorial: UCLA

OpenCourse.info: Introduction to Astronomy

Perkins Observatory
• Educational Resources (pdf's) see Copyright Notice!
º It's Spring! Follow the Arc
º Solar Viewing Pinhole Box
º The Stars of Autumn
º The Summer Triangle
º The Winter Ellipse
º Timeline of Modern Astronomy

Students for the Exploration and Development of Space Use It!

(SEDS)
• Guides - Software, Orbital Telescopes
• Astronomy
º Astromaps
º Best of the Hubble Space Telescope
º Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 Archive collision with Jupiter
º Constellations
º Interactive NGC Catalog
º Messier Catalog
º Nine Planets Solar System Tour
º Web Nebulae

Windows to the Universe ( from the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research ), Search
• Ask A Scientist
• Earth
• Geology
• Myths about the Sky, Constellations, and Stars
• Solar System
• Universe

^ ASTRONOMY

TV & VIDEO

GalaxyDynamics.org by John Dubinski, Links
• Animations
• Papers

MIT Open Courseware Use It!

All Courses Index, Audio/Video Courses, governed by Creative Commons license
• Aeronautics and Astronautics
º Astrodynamics: Video Lecture: Guidance, Navigation and Control of the Apollo Spacecraft
• Physics
º The Early Universe: Video Lectures Alan Guth
º 8.224 Exploring Black Holes: General Relativity & Astrophysics: Videos & Lecture Notes

Streaming-madness.net (ads)
Youtube.com
• GalaxyDynamics
• P.E. Robinson: Introductory Astronomy
º 1) Positions on the Celestial Sphere
º 11) Luminosity, Temperature, and Surface Area
º 14) Different Types of Spectra
º 15) Comparing Photographic Spectrum to Spectral Curve
º 19) Parallax, the Parsec, and Distances
º 20) The H-R Diagram
º 22) Eclipsing Binary Stars
º 27) Size Scale of the Milky Way
º 28) Galaxy Classifications
º 30) Spectroscopic Parallax
• PhysTV
º Sun, Earth, Moon animation

^ ASTRONOMY

UNIVERSE, STRUCTURE OF THE UNIVERSE
also see.. §Cosmology§, §PHILOSOPHY§, §RELIGIONS§

Planetary Sciences at the NSSDC
Space History Time Line

Wikipedia
• Age of the Universe
• Anthropic principle
• Astrophysics
• Big Bang
º Big Bang nucleosynthesis
º Timeline of the Big Bang
• Cosmic microwave background radiation
• Cosmic distance ladder
• Cosmology
º Physical cosmology
• Cosmos
• Dark energy
• Dark matter
• Galaxy
• Galaxy groups and clusters
• Gravitation
• Great Attractor
• Heat death of the universe
• Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
• Hubble's law
• Lyman alpha blob
• Magnitude (astronomy)
º Absolute magnitude
º Apparent magnitude
• Metric expansion of space
• Milky Way
º Local Group
º Virgo Cluster (Local Cluster)
º Virgo Supercluster (Local Supercluster)
• Multiverse
• Nucleosynthesis
º Big Bang nucleosynthesis
º Cosmic ray spallation
º Stellar nucleosynthesis
º Supernova nucleosynthesis
• Observable universe
• Outer space
• Parallax
• Philosophy
º Metaphysics
º Natural philosophy
º Omega point
º Ontology
• Redshift
º Cosmological redshift - due to the expansion of space (not observed within the Local Group of galaxies due to gravitational effects overwhelming expansion tendency)
º Doppler effect due to objects moving through space
º Gravitational redshift due to loss of energy in escaping a gravitational field
• Relativity, Theory of
º General Relativity, History of general relativity
º Special relativity, History of special relativity
• Speed of Light
º Faster-than-light
• Star
• Star cluster
• Stellar nucleosynthesis
• Supercluster
• Universe ( Galaxy filament ( Supercluster ( Clusters of galaxies ( Groups of galaxies ( Galaxy)))))

^ ASTRONOMY
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