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§NANOSCIENCE§ | News | §NEWS§ | Neutrinos | Newtonian Dynamics | Noise | Nuclear
Open Education | Oscillations | Optics | §Optics§
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Physical Quantities | Plasma Physics | Popularizers | Portraits | Problem Solving
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Spectroscopy | Sports | Springs | §STANDARDS§ | §Static Electricity§ | Statistical Mechanics | Strings
Student Projects | §Superconductors§ | Superluminal | Supplies | Surfaces
§Tensors§ | Theoretical Physics | §Thermodynamics & Heat Transfer§ | Time | §TIME§ | TV | TUTORIALS | Twistor Theory
Unified Field Theory | Units | Unsolved Problems
Vacuum | §Vectors§ | Varying Speed of Light | Vibration | Video Analysis | VIDEOS | Viscosity | §VISION§
Waves | §Weather§ | Zero Point Field
(Click above to jump to Listings on this page or to an § ALTERNATE ELA DIRECTORY§)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
^ PHYSICS

ACTION, PRINCIPLE OF LEAST ACTION, MORSE THEORY

Wikipedia: Action
• Calculus of variations
• Functional (mathematics) returns a scalar from a vector argument
• Planck constant the quantum of action
• Principle of least action


^ PHYSICS
ALTERNATIVE THEORIES

TheFinalTheory.com, Mark McCutcheon
• Discussing "The Final Theory" with Mark McCutcheon by David Ruske

Universal Vortical Singularity

^ PHYSICS
ANIMATIONS & SIMULATIONS
also see.. Computational Physics, Demonstrations §Learning Games§

3D World Simulation & 3D PhysicsUse It! Java applets with source: dynamics, kinematics, Links, physics, programing, theory & Tutorial from Martin John Baker
• Programmers Guide & Code

Acoustics and Vibration AnimationsUse It! by Daniel A. Russell, Kettering U
• Basic Wave Phenomena
    º Doppler Effect and Sonic Booms
    º Fourier Series and Waves
    º Reflection of Waves from Boundaries
    º Refraction of Sound Waves
    º Superposition of Waves
    º What is a Wave?
    º Wave Motion in Time and Space
• Room Acoustics
    º Driving room modes & source location
    º Reverberation Times in a small room
• Sound Waves and Radiation from Sources
    º The Baffled Piston approximation of a loudspeaker
    º Longitudinal and Transverse Waves
    º Sound field radiated by a Tuning Fork
    º Sound Fields Radiated by Simple Sources
    º Sound Radiation from Cylindrical Radiators

ActivPhysicsOnline from Pearson Education (pearsoned.com)

Adrian Boeing's E-Gap (AdrianBoeing.com): Physics Abstraction Layer (PAL) unified interface to different physics engines enabling multiple physics engines within one application

A. John Mallinckrodt Professor of Physics, Cal Poly Pomona
• Interactive Physics Simulations using Interactive Physics software

The Applet Collection & Applet List directory from LearningOnline Network with CAPA, Michigan State U

Applets by Daniel Roth freeware, simulate/illustrate physics problems

ASPIRE Lab (Astrophysics Science Project Integrating Research and Education) interactive science education, Lessons
• Cosmic Zoom powers of ten
• Earth's Atmosphere
• Scientific Method Lab
• Shoot the Stars the doppler effect
• Star Life Cycle
• Tides & Gravity Labs
• Wave Basics

Boston U, Physics Lecture Demonstrations
• Physlet Demonstrations: Semesters 1 & 2

Brynmawr U, Serendip supporting intellectual & social change in science, education& social organization: Interactive Physics LinksUse It!
• Mechanics

CalTech: LRC Circuit Lab Applet

C.K. Ng Learn Physics Using Java simulations

Clark U, Statistical and Thermal Physics (STP) Curriculum Development Project undergraduate curriculum materials: computational projects, conceptual learning & labs
• Java Simulations for Statistical and Thermal Physics

comPADRE Physics & Astronomy Education Communities, Physical Sciences Resource Center (PRSC), Flash Animations for Physics by David Harrison

Davidson College, Web Physics: Physlets
• Download Page see Conditions of non-profit, educational Use then click on the JAR FILES Link in the left column
• The Physlet Resource material to supplement and extend the Physlets book
• Physlet Tutorial

Dr. Richard Vawter, Western Washington U, Physics & Astronomy
• Learning Physics on the Web
    º Example Problems
    º Interactive Simulations
    º Physics Topics
    º Quick Time Movie Demonstrations
    º Solving Physics Problems
• Simulations List using Interactive Physics software

Fowler's Physics Applets & Physics Flashlets from Galileo and Einstein by Michael Fowler, U Virginia
General Physics Java Applets & CD ($) by B.Surendranath Reddy

Glenbrook South High School, Physics ( About ) The Physics Classroom TutorialsUse It! with Multimedia Physics Studio Animations
• 1-Dimensional Kinematics
• Newton's Laws
• Vectors and Projectiles
• Momentum and Collisions
• Work and Energy
• Circular, Satellite, and Rotational Motion
• Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity
• Static Electricity
• Waves, Sound and Light
• Ray Optics
• QuickTime Movies

Kansas State U, Visual Quantum Mechanics project, explorations of the quantum world for non-science students
• Simulations

Harvard Natural Sciences Lecture DemonstrationsUse It!
• Simulations
    º Electricity and Magnetism
    º Oscillation
    º Wave Phenomena
• Videos
    º Newtonian Mechanics
    º Oscillations and Waves
    º Light and Optics

Johns Hopkins U, Signals Systems Control Demonstrations by Wilson J. Rugh
• Fourier Series Approximation, Listen to Fourier Series

Leonardo: Interactive Virtual Science Museum, Topic Listing

Merlot.org Flash Animation for PhysicsUse It! Animation Links

Michigan State U: Demonstrations of Basic Physics Principles by Bauer, Benenson, Kortemeyer, & Westfall
• Air Track 1-D collsions
• Atwood Machine
• Net Force three forces add like vectors
• Newton'S Balls Conservation of Momentum

Molecular Expressions: Electricity and Magnetism
• Batteries
• Introduction to Capacitance: Charging and Discharging
• Inductance: Faraday's 1st Experiment, 2nd Experiment
• Transformer

Molecular Expressions, Light and Color: Primary Colors
• Color Filters
• Color Separation
• Primary Additive Colors, Subtractive Colors

Molecular Expression, Light and Color
• Mirrors Basic Properties of
    º Concave Spherical Mirrors, 3-D
    º Convex Spherical Mirrors, 3-D
• Reflection of Light
    º Antireflection Surface Coatings
    º Common Reflecting Prisms
    º The Critical Angle of Reflection!
    º Reflection of Light
    º Reflection and Refraction with Huygens Wavelets!
    º Right-Angle Prisms
    º Specular and Diffuse Reflection
    º Transmission and Reflection by Beamsplitters

Molecular Expressions: Light and Color
• Primary Colors

Molecular Expression, Light and Color: Refraction of Light
• Beam Steering by Wedge Prisms
• The Critical Angle of Reflection
• Observing Objects in Water
• Refraction by an Equilateral Prism
• Refraction of Monochromatic Light

MyPhysicsLab.comUse It! simulations & equations

National High Magnetic Field Laboratory: Mag Lab U: Learning about Electricity and Magnetism
• Interactive Java Tutorials
    º DC Motor
    º EMF in Inductors
    º Ignition Coil

NTNU Virtual Physics LaboratoryUse It! Java Simulations in Physics
• Thin Lens (converging/diverging lens/mirrors)
• Dynamics
• Electromagnetics
• Kinematics
    º Simple Harmonic Motion and Uniform Circular Motion
• Miscellaneous
• Optics
    º Thin Lens (converging/diverging lens/mirrors)
• Physlet BuilderUse It! (Create your own simulation)
• Thermodynamics
• Vector Addition
• Wave

Oklahoma State U, Chemistry Courses, 1314, QuicTime Video Lectures
• Ideal Gas LawUse It!

OpenSimulator.org 3D open source application server, create a virtual environment (world) out of the box
Paul Falstad (ads) Math and Physics Applets with SOURCE CODE & Links

Phy is PhunUse It! learn physics using Java
• Electromagnetism & Electronics
• Light & Wave
• Mechanics

Physics-Animations.com

Physics Applets from U Oregon, Physics, Links
• Astrophysics
• Energy & Environment
• Mechanics
• Tools

Physics Lab Online by Catharine H. Colwell, curriculum integrated with the classroom management system LearningXchange, Search, Table of Contents
• Ap Review Sessions equations
• Compilations Questions, quizes, problems & physlets
• Curriculum Guide, Curriculum (1st edition), History of Physics Lab Online program
• Introduction: Directions, how to use PhysicsLab
• Physlets
    º Additive Colors
    º Bouncing Ball elastic collisions with gravity, equal angles of incidence & reflection
    º
    º Doppler Effect Laser
    º Lenses: Converging, Diverging
    º Mirrors: Diverging
    º Single Slit Diffraction
    º Young's Double Slit Interference
• Resource Lessons

Physics Simulations Links to Java and Shockwave simulations: Mississippi State U

Physlets by Kevork Spartalian, U Vermont

Socratic ElectronicsUse It! by Tony R. Kuphaldt: Topical worksheets pick & choose questions to meet teaching needs, for anmationssee Circuit animations for animated gif's
• Bridge rectifier circuit with: ideal diodes, real diodes
• Electromagnetic induction
• Thevenin's theorem

TIPTOP: The Virtual Laboratory & Java Applets Portal from the Fast Neutron Research Facility (FNRF)

U British Columbia, Computer Science, Kees van den Doel
• Real-time audio synthesis using JASSUse It! with source code
    º CombustionEngine demo!
    º Creaking
    º Grains
    º ModalNoise demo, ModalNoise2 demo!
    º Morph between 2 sound models
    º PlayWav A “Hello World” program using a number of loops of the same recording
    º Real-time synthesis of a morphable church bell
    º Reverb!
    º Simple Karplus-Strong like string
    º Simplest possible non-trivial program: a sawtooth generator
    º Sound Masking demo
    º Sound Simulation design instrument & render sounds under hitting, plucking, scraping...

U Colorado, Boulder: PhETUse It! Physics Interactive Technology, Interactive Simulations: Physics
• Three ways to Run Simulations
    º Download Your Choice of Simulations
    º Offline Installer - Full Install Note Windows installer includes Java install, Help & Troubleshooting
    º Web Access
• Conductivity
• Doppler Effect: Source, Observer
• Electric Field of Dreams
• Faraday's Electromagnetic Lab
• Masses & Springs
• Pendulum Lab
• Wave on a String

U Colorado, Boulder, Physics, Physics 2000
• PhET Physics Interactive Technology, Interactive Simulations
• Physics Learning Laboratories
• Teacher Ideas & Activities

U Colorado, Boulder, Physics, Physics 2000Use It! ( Applets ) interactive journey through modern physics
• Physics Learning Laboratories

U Florida, Physics (zip): PHY2054
• Lenses: Converging, Diverging
• Mirrors: Concave, Convex, Planer

U Guelph, Department of Physics, Tutorials

U Oregon: Virtual Laboratory physics applets, by Greg Bothun
• Cannon
• Gravity
• Inclined Planes & Friction
• Kepler's Third Law
• Kinetic Energy
• Momentum
• Potential Energy
• Tools: Graphing Applet, Graphics Spreadsheet

U Salford, Acoustics, Audio and Video, Science & Physics Resources: Sounds AmazingUse It! video & animations learning resource for AS and A Level physics
• Wavetypes

U Toronto, UPSCALE: Flash Animations for PhysicsUse It! under Creative Commons License non-commercial share, remix, attribute
• Classical Mechanics
    º Coupled Harmonic Oscillators
    º Curling
    º Foucault Pendulum
    º Galilean Relativity
    º The Monkey and the Hunter
    º Racing Balls
    º Vertical Circular Motion
• Math
    º Area of a Circle
    º Derivative of the Sine
    º Integrals
    º Vectors: Add 2, Subtract 2, Cross Product
• Quantum
    º Bell's Theorem Mermin's entangled pairs
• Sound Waves
    º Pressure and Displacement Waves
    º Tuning Fork
• Waves
    º Reflections from 1 Barrier
    º 2 Barriers
    º Standing Waves With a Node on Both Ends
    º One End

Vibration and Waves AnimationsUse It! Dan Russell, Kettering U, Flint, MI

The Virtual Laboratory: TIPTOP directory of physics Java Applets
Walter-Fendt, Denmark
• Java Applets on Physics
• Electrodynamics
    º; Electromagnetic Oscillating Circuit
    º Electromagnetic Wave
• Mechanics
    º Elastic and Inelastic Collision
    º Inclined Plane
    º Kepler's First Law & Second Law
    º Newton's Cradle
    º Pendulums: Coupled, Simple, Spring
    º Projectile Motion
    º Uniform Circular Motion
• Optics
    º Diffraction of Light by a Single Slit, Interference of Light at a Double SlitUse It!
    º Image Formation by Converging Lenses
    º Reflection and Refraction of Light Waves explanation by Huygens' Principle
    º Refracting Astronomical Telescope
    º Refraction of Light
• Oscillations & Waves
    º Beats
    º Doppler Effect example
    º Forced Oscillations (Resonance)
    º Standing Wave explanation by superposition of the reflected wave
    º Standing Longitudinal Waves
• Thermodynamics: Special Processes of an Ideal Gas isobaric, isochoric, isothermal

Web Physics with Physlets, science education applets, downloads, source, tutorial: Davidson College

Wikipedia
• Category:Computer physics engines
• Category:Video game hardware
• Collision detection
• Computational physics
• Dynamical simulation
• Havok (software)
• Newton Game Dynamics free, but closed source physics engine
• OPAL (software) Open Physics Abstraction Layer, Free open source realtime physics engine API similar to PAL supported only by ODE
• Open Dynamics Engine rigid body dynamics simulation and collision detection physics engine
• OpenSimulator (non-programmers access) open source server platform for hosting virtual worlds
• Physics Abstraction Layer (PAL) Free open source simple cross-platform physical simulation C++ API, similar to a physics engine wrapper, but flexible extended capabilities
    º dynamic simulation methodologies, including rigid body, liquids, soft body, ragdoll & vehicle dynamics
• Physics engine
• Physics processing unit
• Player Project (non-programmer access) Free open source software for research into robotics & sensor systems
• Ragdoll physics
• Webots (non-programmers access) professional & educational robot simulator using the using the Open Dynamics Engine (ODE)
• Wild Pockets (non-programmers access) free web-based Game Engine using Lua scripting language to access underlying C++

Wiley Interscience: Halliday
• Simulations Library


^ PHYSICS
AP PHYSICS
also see.. Education

5 Steps to a 5 AP Physics B and C, 2nd Edn 2008-9 by Greg Jacobs & Joshua Schulman @ Barnes & Noble

AP Physics B by Dolores Gende
• AP Home Pages, Links
• Demos
• Homework Services
• Interactive Problem Solving
• Lab Format
• Labs
    º Error Analysis in Experimental Physical ScienceUse It!
• Labs, Open Ended
    º Ideas over forty
• Simulations
• Syllabus Development & Course DescriptionUse It! for Audit
    º Annotated Sample Syllabi: 1, 2, 3, 4
    º Course Description
    º Syllabus Development Guide
    º Syllabus Self-Evaluation Checklist
• Teaching Resources
• Tutorials Links

AP Physics with Mr Burns, Los Gatos High School
• The Physics of Road Runner clips from Warner Brothers Road Runner & Coyote cartoons for physics teachers
• Review Links
• Solutions to E&P Problems

Archive.org: Open Educational Resources
• Advanced Placement (AP) Courses from the Monterey Institute for Technology and Education
    º Advanced Placement Physics B
    º Advanced Placement Physics C

Arizona State U, Modeling Instruction ProgramUse It! Links
• Action Research, Resources, Equipment for the Modeling Classroom (pdf's)
• Advanced Placement Physics and Chemistry Resources
• AP Syllabi Index
• Mechanics curriculum Index
    º 1-Sci Thinking: Unit I Reading - Graphical Methods, Significant Figures

The Book of PhyzUse It! by Dean Baird, AP Physics guides, jobs, labs, demos, question & problem sets

Brockport High School Science Department
• AP Physics Labs & other Physics Labs
• Problems & Related Topics
• Science Reference Tables
• Student Study Area tips on problem solving, taking exams & notes, SQ3R Study System

CollegeBoard.com: AP Central, Search AP Central: Physics
• AP Physics (pdf) general information
• AP Physics B Course Home PageUse It! much more than listed below!
    º Course Audit All schools teaching “AP” must submit the subject-specific AP Course Audit form & syllabus for each teacher of that course. AP course
    º AP Physics B Course Perspective
    º AP Physics Course Description (pdf)
    º AP Physics Teacher's Guide
    º AP Physics FAQs
    º Equation & Tables accessible during testing
    º Multiple Intelligences in the Physics Classroom Physics Instruction Using Video Analysis Technology
    º Sample Syllabi
• Course AuditUse It!
• History of the AP Program
• Labs
    º AP Physics Lab GuideUse It! ($) Purchase (pdf)
    º Labs Criteria, Format, Ideas
    º Hooke's Law Lab
    º Position-Time Graph of a Pendulum
    º Projectile Motion
• Institutes & Workshops
• Rubrics, AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism, Mechanics
• Learning Objectives for AP Physics
• Sample Syllabi
• Store

FlipKart.com
• 5 Steps To A 5 Ap Physics B And C book

Glenbrook High School: The Physics Classroom Tutorial

HippoCampus.orgUse It! online tutorials, Create an account for your students
• Physics & Physics Minisite
• Introductory Physics I & II
• General Physics I & II
• College Preparatory Physics I & II
• Physics B (algebra & trigonometry based) for AP I & II
• Physics C (calculus based) for AP I & II

Intuitor.com
• Mr. Rogers' Syllabus for AP Physics C: Mechanics (With IB Physics Topics)

KineticBooks.com, Demo
• Virtual Labs

Mark Reif
• FysicsFool at GooglePages.com: AP Physics C class, Fayetteville High School
• FysicsFool at PbWorks.com ( Access permission required )

MIT Open Courseware: AP PhysicsUse It!
• Motion in One Dimension

Mr. Stanbrough's Classes Physics & AP Physics at Batesville Community School Corporation
• Physics - Lab Safety Rules
• TI-89 “How To...” Index
• Your AP Physics Lab Book

Oak Ridge Schools, Peggy Bertrand: AP Physics B
• Equation Sheet and Tables

Owen von Kugelgen, Head Royce School: AP Physics

Physics Lab Online by Catharine H. Colwell, curriculum integrated with the classroom management system LearningXchange, Search, Table of Contents
• Introduction: Directions, how to use PhysicsLab
• Curriculum Guide, Curriculum (1st edition), History of Physics Lab Online program
• Ap Review Sessions equations
• Compilations Questions, quizes, problems & physlets
• • Resource Lessons

Physics Lab Online by Catharine H. Colwell,Mainland High School, curriculum integrated with the classroom management system LearningXchange, Search, Table of Contents
• Ap Review Sessions formulas, labs, lessons, next-time questions, worksheets, cp workbook, essays
• Compilations Questions, quizes, problems & physlets
• Curriculum Guide, Curriculum (1st edition), History of Physics Lab Online program
• Introduction: Directions, how to use PhysicsLab

Rice's Physics Website, School District of Clayton, Missouri, Links
• AP Physics B
    º Answers to even problems - Giancoli 5th Edition
    º Course Info
    º Homework
    º Syllabus

U Minnesota, Physics & Astronomy, Physics Education Research & Development
• Context Rich Problems
• Cooperative Group Problem SolvingUse It!
    º Download “Cooperative Group Problem Solving in Physics” by Pat Heller and Ken Heller
    º A Logical Problem Solving Strategy
    º Problem Solving Labs: Lab Manual Downloads with Teacher's Guides

Wolff's Duchesne Page
• Honors Physics
• Physics
• Statistics


^ PHYSICS
ASSOCIATIONS
Adopt-a-Physicistconnects high school students with physics graduates via online message boards

American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT) since 1930, ensuring the dissemination physics knowledge, particularly through teaching, Links
• High School Physics Photo Contest
• Local Sections
• New Faculty Workshops
• Physics Teaching Resource Agents (PTRA) Program local professional development workshops
• Publications
    º American Journal of Physics from ( AIP)
    º the Physics Teacher Online from ( AIP)
• Teaching Resources
    º Guidelines for High School Physics Programs
    º HS Textbook Review, Parts 1: Introduction, 2: Active Physics, 3: Conceptual Physics

American Institute of Physics (AIP), Links, SiteMap
• Physics News Update

American Physical Society (APS) education, events, News, Search, units
• Physics on the Road list of institutions with outreach programs
• Resources for Educators

American Vacuum Society
Cal Poly Pomona Society of Physics Students, Forum, Links
European Physical Society (EPS)
Institute of Physics (IOP)
• Physics.org (UK) guide to physics on the web, About, SiteMap
    º Events & Activities

Intergovernmental Panel on Global Climate ChangeUse It! (IPCC) “the scientifice consensus”

National Academy of Sciences Board on Physics and Astronomy

Physics Instructional Resource Association (PIRA), Forum
• Demo Bibliography
• PIRA 200 Demo List
• Wiki

National Science Teachers Association (NSTA)
• Recommended Science Teaching Materials

The Santa Fe Institute, About, FAQ
• Current and Upcoming Public Events
• Physics and Complexity
• Video Collection

Society of Physics Students from the American Institute of Physics
Yahoo Search: Organizations: Science: Physics

^ PHYSICS
ASTROPHYSICS
also see.. §ASTRONOMY§, Cosmology

Astronomy 12 Introduction to Astrophysics II, Steven T. Myers, National Radio Astronomy Observatory Socorro, NM
• Lecture Notes
    º Lecture 18 - White Dwarfs & Neutron Stars

arXiv.org e-Print archiveUse It!, Astrophysics (since 4/92)

Astronomy 162 Stars, Galaxies, and Cosmology, U Tennessee, Knoxville
The Astrophysical Journal ($) online
Astrophysics Data System ADS Abstract Service

Astrophysics Source Code Library: ArchiveUse It!, About, Links, Search

Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics (CITA)
Centre for Astrophysics education, News, popularization, research, resources, U Porto

NASA's Cosmicopia, LinksUse It! Search
• Astrophysics Basics
• Cosmic Rays
• Space Weather
• The Sun

Great Debates in Astronomy

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Search
• Current Night Sky
• Education and Outreach
• Image Gallery
• Research
    º Cosmology early epoch of inflation, nature & role of dark matter
    º Extreme Astrophysics the most violent & energetic phenomena
    º Galaxies
    º Laboratory Astrophysics
    º Our Solar System how stable planetary systems form, how planets develop conditions necessary for life
    º Stars, Planets & Origins our picture of how stars form is incomplete, we do not know what conditions produce life

Imagine the Universe! from NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center
• Ask an Astrophysicist, Search

lanl.arXiv.org e-Print archive - Astrophysics (since 4/92)
• Search by Author(s), Title, Abstract

lanl.arXiv.org e-Print archive mirror (xxx.lanl.gov) - Astrophysics (since 4/92)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS @Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophsics), Browse, Search Digital Library for Physics, Astrophysics, and Instrumentation
• Mirrors: U Nottingham

NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), Help
• Images from the STScI Digitized Sky Survey

Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
Oulu Space Physics Textbook ( Alt )
soton.ac.uk archive Astrophysics (since 4/92) e-Prints

WebStars: Astrophysics in Cyberspace
•HEASARC High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center


^ PHYSICS
AUDIO FILES
also see.. Tutorials

Archive.org, Audio
• Search
    º Quantum
    º Physics
    º Relativity

Groks Science Radio Show & Broadcast ( alt )
• Archive.org AudioUse It! Search ( Groks or Groks Physics )
• PodcastAlley.com: Groks All Shows


^ PHYSICS
BIOGRAPHIES
Eric's Treasure Trove of Scientific Biography Eric Weisstein
Feynman Online site dedicated to Richard P. Feynman

^ PHYSICS
BLOGS

Dot Physics ( Alt ) Rhett Allain, Assoc Physics Prof, Southeastern Louisiana U


^ PHYSICS
BOOKS
also see.. Open Education

Archive.org: Search Physics
• Clifford, William Kingdon, 1845-1879
• General physics and its application to industry and everyday life By Ervin Sidney Ferry, 1921
• Physics by Charles Ryborg Mann & George Ransom Twiss, 1910
• Physics of the household by Carleton John Lynde. 1915

The Book of PhyzUse It! by Dean Baird, AP Physics guides, jobs, labs, demos, question & problem sets

Compadre.org, Open Source Physics
• Statistical and Thermal Physics (STP) Textbook by Harvey Gould & Jan Tobochnik
    º download chapters for statistical mechanics, thermal physics or thermal & statistical physics classes,

E.F. Schubert, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Electrical, Computer & Systems Engineering
• Physical foundations ECSE-6960 Quantum Mechanics online book

The Feynman Lectures on PhysicsUse It! by Feynman, Leighton & Sands, online from Cal Tech

Google Books (Public Domain)
• Clifford, William Kingdon
    º The common sense of the exact sciences
    º Elements of dynamic: an introduction to the study of motion and rest in solid and fluid bodies, Volume 1
    º Lectures and essays by the late William Kingdon Clifford, F.R.S.
    º Seeing and thinking
• Essentials of modern physics Charles Elwood Dull, 1922
• Macfarlane, Alexander
    º Principles of the algebra of physics
• Physics Ernest Fox Nichols, 1907
• Physics Balfour Stewart, 1889
• Physics Willis Eugene Tower, Charles Henry Smith, Charles Mark Turton, Thomas Darlington Cope, 1920
    º departure from quantitative mathematical presentations
• Physics: advanced course George Frederick Barker, 1893
• Physics: with applications Henry Smith Carhart, Horatio Nelson Chute, 1917
• Physics: the student's manual for the study room and laboratory Le Roy Clark Cooley, 1897
• Physics: a text-book for secondary schools Frederick Slate, 1902

Google Books (physics & astronomy books for the general reader)
• Barrow, John D.
    º The Artful Universe 1995 or The Artful Universe Expanded 2005
    º New Theories of EverythingUse It!
    º Pi in the Sky: counting, thinking, and being
• Bartusiak, Marcia
    º Through a universe darkly: a cosmic tale of ancient ethers, dark matter, and the fate of the universe
• Crease, Robert P.
    º The Second Creation: makers of the revolution in twentieth-century physics
• Ferris, Timothy
    º The whole shebang: a state-of-the-universe(s) report
• Gell-Mann, Murray
    º The Quark and the Jaguar: Adventures in the Simple and the Complex
• Goldstein, Martin & Goldstein, Inge F.
    º The refrigerator and the universe: understanding the laws of energy (thermodynamics)
• Greene, Brian
    º The Elegant Universe: Superstrings, Hidden Dimensions, and the Quest for the Ultimate Theory
    º The fabric of the cosmos: space, time, and the texture of reality
• Hoddeson, Lillian editor
    º The Rise of the Standard Model: particle physics in the 1960s and 1970s
• Kaku, Michio
    º Beyond Einstein: the cosmic quest for the theory of the universe
    º Hyperspace: a scientific odyssey through parallel universes, time warps, and the tenth dimension
    º Physics of the impossible: a scientific exploration into the world of phasers, force fields, teleportation, and time travel
• Kane, Gordon
    º The particle garden: our universe as understood by particle physicists, 1996
    º Supersymmetry: squarks, photinos, and the unveiling of the ultimate laws of nature
• Kolb, Rocky
    º Blind Watchers Of The Sky: The People And Ideas That Shaped Our View Of The Universe
• Lightman, Alan
    º The Discoveries: Great Breakthroughs in 20th-Century Science, Including the Original Papers
    º Einstein's Dreams
    º A Sense of the Mysterious: Science and the Human Spirit
    º Time for the Stars: Astronomy in the 1990s
• Lindley, David
    º Where does the weirdness go? why quantum mechanics is strange, but not as strange as you think
• March, Robert H.
    º Physics for Poets modern physics
• Shachtman, Tom
    º Absolute Zero: And the Conquest of Cold
• Singh, Simon
    º Big Bang: The Origin of the Universe
• Weinberg, Steven
    º Dreams of a final theory
• Wilczek, Frank
    º The Lightness of Being: Mass, Ether, and the Unification of Forces
    º Longing for the harmonies: themes and variations from modern physics

A Heat Transfer TextbookUse It! 3rd edition, free (8.8MB pdf) Download
• by John H. Lienhard IV (Professor ME, MIT) & V (Professor, U Houston)
• adopted as a classroom textbook at dozens of universities worldwide

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Larry Gladney, U Pennsylvania Physics
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LightAndMatter.comUse It! Benjamin Crowell, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license: introductory one-year physics survey textbooks for biology majors & open-source software & Courses
• Answer Checker for site Books
• Calculator javascript Inf handles infinite & infinitesimal numbers
    º Javascript Files at GitHub.com
• Conceptual Physics
• Conservation Laws Book 2
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Makezine.com
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MichaelBelfiore.com
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Oulu Space Physics Textbook ( Alt )

Pearson Higher Education ($)
• College Physics: A Strategic ApproachUse It! Randy Knight, Brian Jones, Stuart
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Physics Department Library: Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, UK

The Physics HypertextbookUse It! (physics.info) a free work in progress, Edited by Glenn Elert, written by his students
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Prentice Hall
• Physics Principles with Applications 6th Ed. by Douglas C. Giancoli

Rainer Radok from The twentieth century
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• Treatise of Physics, Julius Springer

Recommended Reading as of approx 1991: U Redlands

'The Road to Reality' Internet Forum (RoadToReality.info) solutions to problems
• A guide to the forum

Road to Reality Solutions (at Google sites) links to roadtoreality.info & camoo.freeshell.org

Road to Reality Solutions
• Section 09.07 (pdf) more on hyperfunctions
• Exercise 15.05 mapping the 3-sphere to the tangent bundle on the 2-sphere
• Exercise 15.14
• Section 16.2 the secret behind magic circles
• Exercise16.8 a function from the quarter-plane to the naturals
• Exercise 18.05 self-dual & anti-self-dual planes
• Exercise 18.07 geometry on the velocity vector hyperboloid
• Exercise 19.14 discrete analogue of the stress-energy tensor?
• Exercise 19.16 Ricci tensor has info about volume acceleration: a nice illustration of Lie derivatives
• Exercise 19.18 trace-reversed Ricci tensor has 0 divergence
• Exercise 19.21 Ricci tensor is 0 if trace-reversed Ricci tensor is 0
• Exercise 20.08 Taylor expansion of the equilibrium Hamiltonian
• Exercise 20.15 symplectic form is unchanged by Hamiltonian evolution
• Exercise 22.11 eigenvectors of a normal operator are orthogonal
• Exercise 22.12 Amplitude <φ|ψ> = 1 only if φ proportional to ψ
• Exercise 23.03 why does the singlet state have 0 spin?
• Exercise 23.04 entangled state is a product of states
• Exercise 23.09 counting boson states
• Exercise 23.10 quantum teleportation
• Exercise 24.03 an example of a normalizable state where momentum has a definite magnitude
• Exercise 24.07 relativistic invariance of the Dirac equation
• Exercise 24.09 representing Clifford elements as matrices
• Exercise 25.06 particle octet
• Exercise 25.09 dual gauge curvature
• Exercise 26.05 positive and negative frequency solutions to Maxwell equations
• Exercise 27.09 putting gas molecules back into Pandora's box
• Exercise 27.16 isotropy and homogeneity with counterexample
• Exercise 28.02 electroweak symmetry breaking
• Exercise 28.04 exponential de Sitter metric
• Exercise 28.06 Ricci tensor proportional to metric tensor in (anti)de Sitter space
• Exercise 29.07 pure-state density matrices
• Exercise 29.13 density matrices for spin 1 EPR pairs
• Exercise 30.03 black hole temperature
• Exercise 30.10 gravitational time dilation
• Exercise 30.12 uncertainty in ∂/∂t from energy to move mass distribution away from its potential
• Exercise 30.12 an easier proof
• Exercise 30.13 free particle can't be in an energy eigenstate
• Exercise 31.06 symplectic manifold from a Riemannian manifold with complex structure
• Exercise 32.02 contracting a self-dual tensor with an anti self-dual tensor
• Exercise 33.02 compactified Minkowski space
• Exercise 33.05 compactified Minkowski space as a conic section
• Exercise 33.08 celestial sphere is a conformal manifold
• Exercise 33.11 0-length twistor associated with spacetime event
• Exercise 33.16 self-dual plane of points incident to a twistor + anti self-dual for dual twistor
• Exercise 33.18 center of twistor can't be regarded as path of spinning particle>
• Exercise 33.19 why is the twistor commutator a real number?
• Exercise 33.23 (see Exercise 33.24)
• Exercise 33.24 massless free field equation for a photon or Maxwell'sequations in empty space
• Sec. 33.09 first analytic sheaf cohomology of the complex plane
• Sec. 33.11 & Exercise 33.28 making curved twistor space by drying paint

RoadSolutions.ox.ac.uk Roger Penrose's oxford book site: Corrections, Solutions

'The Road to Reality' Internet Forum (RoadToReality.info)
• Exercise 02.01
• Exercise 02.02
• Exercise 02.03
• Exercise 02.04
• Exercise 02.05
• Exercise 02.06
• Exercise 02.06b
• Exercise 02.07
• Exercise 02.08
• Exercise 03.01
• Exercise 03.02
• Exercise 04.01
• Exercise 04.03
• Exercise 04.04
• Exercise 04.04b
• Exercise 04.05
• Exercise 04.06
• Exercise 05.01
• Exercise 05.02
• Exercise 05.04
• Exercise 05.05
• Exercise 05.06
• Exercise 05.07
• Exercise 05.08
• Exercise 05.09
• Exercise 05.10
• Exercise 05.10b
• Exercise 05.10c
• Exercise 05.10e
• Exercise 05.11
• Exercise 05.12
• Exercise 05.13
• Exercise 05.14
• Exercise 05.15
• Exercise 06.01
• Exercise 06.02
• Exercise 06.02b
• Exercise 06.02c
• Exercise 06.03
• Exercise 06.04
• Exercise 06.04b
• Exercise 06.05
• Exercise 06.06
• Exercise 06.07
• Exercise 06.08
• Exercise 06.09
• Exercise 06.10
• Exercise 07.01
• Exercise 07.01b
• Exercise 07.01c
• Exercise 07.02
• Exercise 07.03
• Exercise 07.03b
• Exercise 07.04
• Exercise 07.05
• Exercise 07.06
• Exercise 07.07
• Exercise 07.08
• Chapter 8 in RTR and especially branch points
• Exercise 08.01
• Exercise 08.02
• Exercise 08.03
• Exercise 08.04
• Exercise 08.04c
• Exercise 08.05
• Exercise 08.05b
• Exercise 08.06
• Exercise 08.07
• Exercise 08.07b
• Exercise 8.7 (other discussion)
• Exercise 09.01
• Exercise 09.01b
• Exercise 09.02b
• Exercise 09.05
• Exercise 09.05b
• Exercise 09.06
• Exercise 09.07
• Exercise 09.07b
• Exercise 09.08
• Exercise 09.09
• Exercise 09.10
• Exercise 09.11
• Exercise 09.11b
• Exercise 09.12
• Exercise 09.13
• Exercise 09.14
• Exercise 09.14b
• Exercise 10.01
• Exercise 10.02
• Exercise 10.03
• Exercise 10.04
• Exercise 10.05
• Exercise 10.06
• Exercise 10.07
• Exercise 10.08
• Exercise 10.09
• Exercise 10.10
• Exercise 10.10b
• Exercise 10.11
• Exercise 10.12
• Exercise 10.12b
• Exercise 10.13
• Exercise 10.14
• Exercise 10.14b
• Exercise 11.01
• Exercise 11.02
• Exercise 11.03
• Exercise 11.04
• Exercise 11.05
• Exercise 11.07
• Exercise 11.08
• Exercise 11.09
• Exercise 11.10
• Exercise 11.11
• Exercise 11.12
• Exercise 11.13
• Exercise 11.14
• Exercise 12.03
• Exercise 12.05
• Exercise 12.06
• Exercise 12.07
• Exercise 12.08
• Exercise 12.09
• Exercise 12.10
• Exercise 12.10b
• Exercise 12.11
• Exercise 12.12
• Exercise 12.13
• Exercise 12.14
• Exercise 12.15
• Exercise 12.16
• Exercise 12.17
• Exercise 13.01
• Exercise 13.02
• Exercise 13.04
• Exercise 13.05
• Exercise 13.06
• Exercise 13.08
• Exercise 13.08b
• Exercise 13.09
• Exercise 13.10
• Exercise 13.11
• Exercise 13.12
• Exercise 13.14
• Exercise 13.15
• Exercise 13.16
• Exercise 13.17
• Exercise 13.18
• Exercise 13.19
• Exercise 13.20
• Exercise 13.21
• Exercise 13.22
• Exercise 13.23
• Exercise 13.24
• Exercise 13.24b
• Exercise 13.25
• Exercise 13.26
• Exercise 13.27
• Exercise 13.28
• Exercise 13.30
• Exercise 13.31
• Exercise 13.32
• Exercise 13.32b
• Exercise 13.33
• Exercise 13.34
• Exercise 13.35
• Exercise 13.36
• Exercise 13.38
• Exercise 13.37
• Exercise 13.39
• Exercise 13.41
• Exercise 13.42
• Exercise 13.43
• Exercise 13.45
• Exercise 13.46
• Exercise 13.47
• Exercise 13.48
• Exercise 13.49
• Exercise 13.50
• Exercise 13.51
• Exercise 13.52
• Exercise 13.53
• Exercise 13.54
• Exercise 13.55
• Exercise 13.56
• Exercise 13.57
• Exercise 13.58
• Exercise 13.59
• Exercise 13.60
• Exercise 13.61
• Exercise 13.62
• Exercise 14.01
• Exercise 14.02
• Exercise 14.03b
• Exercise 14.04
• Exercise 14.04b
• Exercise 14.05
• Exercise 14.05b
• Exercise 14.06
• Exercise 14.06b
• Exercise 14.07
• Exercise 14.07b
• Exercise 14.08
• Exercise 14.08b
• Exercise 14.09
• Exercise 14.10
• Exercise 14.10b
• Exercise 14.11
• Exercise 14.12
• Exercise 14.13
• Exercise 14.14
• Exercise 14.17
• Exercise 14.18
• Exercise 14.19
• Exercise 14.20
• Exercise 14.21
• Exercise 14.22
• Exercise 14.23
• Exercise 14.23b
• Exercise 14.24
• Exercise 14.25
• Exercise 14.26
• Exercise 14.27
• Exercise 14.29
• Exercise 14.30
• Exercise 14.31
• Exercise 14.32
• Exercise 14.32b
• Exercise 14.32c
• Exercise 14.33
• Exercise 14.34
• Exercise 15.04
• Exercise 15.05
• Exercise 15.08
• Exercise 15.10
• Exercise 15.12
• Exercise 15.13
• Exercise 15.14
• Exercise 16.01
• Section 16.02 the secret behind magic circles
• Exercise 16.03
• Exercise 16.04
• Exercise 16.05
• Exercise 16.06
• Exercise 16.07
• Exercise 16.08
• Exercise 16.08b
• Exercise 16.10
• Exercise 16.13
• Exercise 16.14
• Exercise 16.15
• Exercise 16.16
• Exercise 16.17
• Exercise 16.18
• Exercise 16.19
• Exercise 17.01
• Exercise 17.02
• Exercise 17.03
• Exercise 17.04
• Exercise 17.05
• Exercise 17.06
• Exercise 17.07
• Exercise 17.08
• Exercise 17.09
• Exercise 18.01
• Exercise 18.03
• Exercise 18.05b
• Exercise 18.06
• Exercise 18.07b
• Exercise 18.08
• Exercise 18.09
• Exercise 18.10
• Exercise 18.12
• Exercise 18.14
• Exercise 18.17
• Exercise 18.18
• Exercise 18.18b
• Exercise 18.19
• Exercise 18.21
• Exercise 18.22
• Exercise 19.01
• Exercise 19.02
• Exercise 19.03
• Exercise 19.04
• Exercise 19.05
• Exercise 19.10
• Exercise 19.11
• Exercise 19.13
• Exercise 19.14b
• Exercise 19.16b
• Exercise 19.19
• Exercise 19.20
• Exercise 19.21
• Exercise 19.22
• Exercise 19.23
• Exercise 19.23b
• Exercise 20.01
• Exercise 20.02
• Exercise 20.03
• Exercise 20.04
• Exercise 20.05
• Exercise 20.06
• Exercise 20.07
• Exercise 20.08 b
• Exercise 20.09
• Exercise 20.09b
• Exercise 20.10
• Exercise 20.11
• Exercise 20.12
• Exercise 20.12b
• Exercise 20.14
• Exercise 21.01
• Exercise 21.02
• Exercise 21.05
• Exercise 21.05b
• Exercise 21.06
• Exercise 21.08
• Exercise 21.12
• Exercise 21.13
• Exercise 21.14
• Exercise 21.15
• Exercise 21.16
• Exercise 22.02
• Exercise 22.02b
• Exercise 22.03
• Exercise 22.06
• Exercise 22.06b
• Exercise 22.07
• Exercise 22.11
• Exercise 22.12
• Exercise 22.12b
• Exercise 22.15
• Exercise 22.18

The Road to Reality: A Complete Guide to the Laws of the Universe, Wikipedia article

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• Richard Feynman (1918-1988)
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• Kaku, Michio (1947-)
    º Beyond Einstein 1995
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    º Physics of the Impossible 2008
• Kane, Gordon L.: Classic Books
    º Modern Elementary Particle Physics, 1993
    º Particle Garden, 1995
    º Supersymmetry: unveiling of the ultimate laws of nature, 2000
• Alan Lightman (1948)
    º Einstein's Dreams
    º A Sense of the Mysterious
• Weinberg, Steven (1933-)
    º Dreams of a Final Theory: The Search for the Fundamental Laws of Nature (1993), ISBN 0-09-922391-0

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The Algorithmic Beauty of the Trebuchet
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    º Friction Rods Plastic-Hard Rubber 573129 $2.35
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    º Jumper Wire Kit (350 pieces) 561109 $35.95
    º Lamps, Miniature Base 3.8V #13 (10) 563594 $11.95
    º Lamps, Miniature Base 6.3V #40 (10) 563633 $9.95
    º Lamp, Neon Glow 576324 $4.55
    º Lamp Socket 532296 $1.10
    º Lenz's Law Apparatus 1294712 $14.45
    º Leyden Jar, Separable 564643 $12.45
    º Magnet Wire, Enameled, 24 Guage (817 ft/spl) 581130 $15.45
    º Microscope Slides, Plastic Depression (40) 190-2955 $5.95
    º Motor, St. Louis 564838 $17.45
    º Multimeter, Extech Compact Analog 1292732 $16.95
    º Oersted's Law Apparatus 589521 $27.75
    º Power Supply, Economy Analog 531970 $166.95
    º Power Supply, Four-Way Variable Regulated DC 573261 $124.95
    º Resistor, 1/4 Watt Carbon Film Set (500) 574599
    º Solenoid, Air Core 532015 $28.45
    º Static Spinner 532008 $19.95
    º Van de Graaff Generator 527279 $139.95
    º Wire, Hookup PVC Coated, 22 Gauge Solid Conductor, Black 581148 $8.25
• Heat
    º Burner, Wickless Alcohol, and Stand 531629 $15.70
    º Calorimeter 532018 $39.95
    º Calorimeter, Electric 590976 $41.95
    º Convection Demonstrator 584295 $27.45
    º Thermometer, IR 532300, -20 to 320ºC, Specs $54.95
• Magnetism
    º Levitating Vortex 1294709 $9.95
    º Magnaprobe 593235 $17.45
• Measurement
    º Timer, School Smart Digital 084280 $3.40
• Optics
    º Fresnel Lens 584598 $0.85
    º Mirror, Concave, Glass, 75 mm Diameter, 574260 $3.25
    º Mirror, Convex, Glass, 75 mm Diameter, 573171 $4.75
    º Newton's Ring Apparatus 564811 $24.15
    º (optical bench) Candle Holder 599106 $2.30
    º (optical bench) Meter Stick, Plain, School Smart 081901 $2.35
    º Optical Calcite (Iceland Spar) 576111 $5.50
    º Plastic Depression Slides (40) 190-2955 $5.95
    º
    º Smithsonian Holo-Dome: Optical Illusion, 528023 $17.95
    º Van De Graaff Generator, Small 532023WW & Replacement Belt 532112 $7.90
• Sound & Waves
    º Resonance Box w/Tuning Fork 256 Hz, 181-2513 $18.45
    º Tuning Fork, Adjustable 574100 $12.95
• Vacuum
    º Bell Jars, Knob Top 590802 $70.95
    º Vacuum Plate 525795 $29.45
    º Vacuum Pump, Hand 531776 $24.95

FurAndHide.com for static electricity fur

GSA Auctions Federal General Services Administration
• Lab Equipment

Google Search
• Donation Lab EquipmentUse It!

GSAxcess.gov General Services Administration, Federal Excess Personal Property Utilization Program & Federal Surplus Personal Property Donation Program
• How to Acquire Federal Excess Personal Property
• How to Acquire Surplus Federal Personal Property State Agencies for Surplus Property (SASP) have been established by each state

Indigo Instruments
• Electrodes
• Magnets
• Nanotechnology Multimedia Library
• Prisms
• Spring Scales
• Tuning Forks

Jameco Electronics
• IC,LM35DZ temperature sensor for digital thermometer using multimeter

Jerry E. Howell model project plans & kits: stirling, atmospheric & internal combustion engines, LinksUse It!
JJC & Associates
Joissu.com toys that may be used for physics
LabWarehouse.com

Labx Scientific Marketplace listing scientific equipment AuctionsUse It! Links
• Donation

LiveScienceStore.com

Los Alamos National Laboratory: Students & Educators, Library
• Los Alamos Educational Equipment Gift Program (LEEG)

MagnetSource.com Mater Magnets Inc.
• Educational Magnets
• Education Kits

Makezine.com, About
• Blog
• Laboratory 5.4: Examine the Spectroscopic Characteristics of Soil

Merlan science, engineering & technology education products
• Phywe - Physics
• Vernier Data Acquisition

Mouser Electronics

NadaScientific.com: Science Education
• Physical Science physics instruments for secondary & university education
    º BeeSpi-Velocimeter
    º Calorimeter, Set of 2
    º Nakamura Electrolysis Apparatus, Unit
    º Electromagnet, U-Shape
    º Electroscopes: Flask Type, Metal Case Type
    º Optical Bench, Student Demonstration
    º Refraction Cell, Semicircular, Clear Acrylic
    º Smoke Boxes, Rectangular, (set of 3)
    º Solenoid (helix), Iron Core

National SemiconductorUse It! Parametric Catalog & Search, Distribution Partners, Ordering Information & Purchasing Resources, SiteMap
• Amplifiers
• Thermal Management & Temperature Sensors
• LM35 Precision Centigrade Temperature Sensor
    º Application Note & Applications (pdf's)
• WeBench Online Design Tools: Design Made Easy
    º Explore and Learn how to videos, online courses, article, latest design technologies
    º Compare & Select selection tools: search, select & compare products
    º Design & Build WeBench Power Designer: create, prototype & finalize designs
    º Reference Designs Library

New Mexico General Services Department
• Surplus Property Bureau
    º Application for EligibilityUse It! To Receive Federal Surplus Property (41 CFR 101-44.207)

Newport.com laser and photonics components, Diffraction Gratings for OEM and scientific applications
• Selection Of Dispersing Systems

Pasco Scientific: University & High School Physics
• Xplorer GLX Graphing Datalogger
• Physics Experiment Kits

Pic-Design.com precision mechanical components

Pitsco Education
• Learning Systems

ProlabScientific.com: Physics
• Force
• Properties of matter

RadioShack.com
• 85dB Piezo Buzzer for Doppler Effect, Catalog #273-060, 4-28VDC, 5mA at 12V
• LED's
• Neon Bulb Search (no Part No. 272-1100B or 272-1102)
• NE2H 1/4 W Neon Lamp Catalog #272-1102
• NE2H 1/4 W Neon Lamp Catalog #272-1102A
• Products associated to Lamps and LEDs

ReidSupply.com
• PULLEYS Pulleys & Blocks Results

ResonanceResearch.com Tesla coils
The Robot MarketPlace mechanical, electronics, hobby, motors

SargentWelch.com Supplies: Physics
• Knife Switches
• Magnetic Compasses, Magnetic Field Projectual
• Octave Tuning Fork Set
• Vacuum Products: Hand Pump, Magdeburg Hemispheres, Vacuum Plate

ScienceFirst.comUse It!
• Mechanics
    º Pulley, Clamp, Ball Bearing, Pulley, In Line, Pulley with Rod, Plas Sheave, Sheave Pulleys
    º Spring Scale
• Optics
    º Optical Bench
    º Spectrometer, Project StarUse It! $28.85 best price

Science HobbyistUse It! William J. Beaty, Seattle, WA
• Physics Demos & Science Exhibit Designs, Links, Suppliers
• Surplus Electronics and Equipment for Amateur Scientists

Science Kit & Boreal Laboratories
• Bottle Rocket Launcher
• Cloud Chamber Set
• Fire Piston temperature increases with pressure
• Low Cost Boyle's Law Apparatus
• Project Star Spectrometer $36.50

ScienceLab.com: Educational Products: Physics

Science Toys You Can Make With Your Kids (ads)
• Chapter 1: Magnetism
• Chapter 2: Electromagnetism
• Chapter 3: Electrochemistry
• Chapter 4: Radio
• Chapter 5: Thermodynamics
• Chapter 6: Aerodynamics
• Chapter 7: Light and Optics
• Chapter 8: Biology
• Chapter 9: Mathematics
• Chapter 10: Computers and Electronics

Scientific Equipment Liquidators mostly medical equipment

Sci-Supply.com see Clearnance & Specials
• Discharge Tubes
• Hand Generator economical alternative to Genecon

href="https://www.scitoyscatalog.com/"> SciToysCatalog.com: Catalog
SmallParts.com mechanical

SPER Scientific environmental, water quality & lab instrumetation
Stock Drive ProductsUse It! mechanical

SuperBrightLEDs.com
SurplusShed.com surplus & used optical & electronics
SurplusTraders.net Electronic Products & misc.

TeacherSource.com Supply Store, Search
• Conceptual Physics The Best of Paul Hewitt 2 DVD Set, Workshop for Teachers
• Light & Color
    º Color Filters, Hand-Held Spectroscope, Polarizing Filters
• Magnets
• Science Fair Ideas

Texas Instruments, Education Technology
• Classroom Activities
• Product Tutorials
• TI-SmartView Emulator Software for the TI-84 Plus Family, project the calculator’s display

TopBulb.com the place to find any light bulb
Used Energy-Related Laboratory Equipment (ERLE) Grant Program used energy-related lab equipment for universities, colleges & other nonprofit higher learning educational institutions, Guidelines

Used-line.com used hi-tech & scientific equipment

Vernier Software & Technology, Products & Software
• Easy Products for data collection with TI-84 seried calculators
• Go! Products instruments for computer data-collection
• Lab Books
• Lab Equipment
• Logger Pro site license: all instructor computers & the student home computers
• Packages
• Sensors & Probes
• Texas Instruments Calculator Products

Ward's Natural Science
• Project STAR Spectrometer $36.50
WestHillBio.com Physics & Biology kits
• Lab Activities with links to related kits

WM Berg miniature precision mechanical components
WonderMagnet.com

^ PHYSICS
COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS
also see.. Animations, Software

Compadre.org: uCOMP sharing information & resources in computational physics
• Easy Java Simulations Modeling and Authoring Tool
• Special Functions Model by Wolfgang Christian, display Legendre-, Laguerre-, Chebyshev-polynomials & Bessel functions

NewtonDynamics.com free, but closed source physics engine for real time simulation of physics environments
• Wiki
    º Tutorials basic understanding of C++, 3D Graphics, and Newtonian Physics assumed

Open Dynamics Engine (ODE) open source, high performance software library for simulating rigid body dynamics by Russell Smith
• Documentation
• Download
    º Sourceforge Binary for Windows
• Slide Presentations
• Sourceforge.net: Open Dynamics Engine
    º What is a Physics SDK

Wikipedia
• Computational fluid dynamics
• Computational physics
• Dynamical simulation
• Open Dynamics Engine
• Physics engine


^ PHYSICS
CONCEPTUAL PHYSICS
Glenbard West High School, Mr. Szarzak
• Conceptual Physics

Glenbrook South Physics

M&M Enterprises ($) Paul G. Hewitt Lectures on DVD
• DVD Titles

Mrs. Keith Files Page

Peter Hirschfeld, U Florida, Physics: Discovering PhysicsUse It! (PHY1033C)
• Labs
• Links to Topics discussed in class
• Solved Problem Archive
• Syllabus
• Tests & Practice Tests

Physics Lab Online by Catharine H. Colwell, Site Instructions, Search, Table of Contents
• Next-Time QuestionsUse It! to accompany Paul Hewitt's Conceptual Physics

PearsonSchool.com (Prentice Hall sales )
• Conceptual Physics by Paul Hewitt

ScienceWithMrNoon.comUse It!
• Honors Physics, Links

St. Anthony High School, Physical Sciences Instructor: Matthew Poston
• Conceptual Physics
    º Graph Paper
    º Periodic Table
    º Syllabus (doc)

St. Ignatius College Preparatory
• The People's Physics Book online


^ PHYSICS
CORIOLIS EFFECT

Astronomy 161 The Solar System, U Tennessee, Knoxville
• Consequences of Rotation for Weather Coriolis Forces

The Coriolis Effect (pdf) – a conflict between common sense and mathematics, Anders Persson, Norwegian Meteorolgical Institute

David H. McIntyre, Oregon State U Physics
• Coriolis Force and Noninertial Effects Animations

International Commission on History of Meteorology
•: Four centuries of conflict between common sense and mathematics, Part I: A history to 1885

Polar Satellite Meteorology at CIMSS, U Wisconsin-Madison: GG101 - Natural Environments: The Atmosphere
• The Coriolis Effect by Dave Van Domelen

Wikipedia
• Coriolis effect

Youtube.com
• coriolis effect (2-11)


^ PHYSICS
COSMOLOGY, STRINGS, SUPERSTRINGS
including.. Hubble's Law
also see.. §ASTRONOMY§, Astrophysics, §Black Holes§, Particle Physics, §PHILOSOPHY§,
Quantum Gravity, Relativity, §RELIGIONS§, §Stellar Evolution§, Varying c

DIRECTORIES-Cosmology
dmoz.org Open Directory | Google.com | Yahoo.com

Amazon.com
• Warped Passages: Unraveling the Mysteries of the Universe's Hidden Dimensions by Lisa Randall

The American Institute of Physics: Center for History of Physics
• Cosmic JourneyUse It!

The anthropic principle: science, philosophy or guesswork ? Mariano Artigas, Dept. Philosophy, U Navarra, Pamplona (Spain)

Archive.org, Audio: Search String Theory
• The Great String Theory Debate: Brian Greene and Lawrence Krauss Federico Pistono
• String Theory (Groks Science Show) Charles Lee and Frank Ling

Autotheist's Corner - Advanced Physics Made Simple:
• Black Holes, Cosmology, General Relativity, Special Relativity, Standard Model

Berkeley Cosmology Group - Links, Education Outreach:
• FAQs - Black Holes FAQ, What is Cosmology?
• On-Line Demos
• Remote Access Astronomy

Black Holes and Mysteries of the Cosmos (geocities.com) chats, essays, Links, Search

Cal Tech, Particle Theory Group, Links
• The Second Superstring Revolution, John H. Schwarz

Cambridge Cosmology (see U Cambridge below for extended links)
Cambridge Relativity

Cornell U, Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Superstring Theory

The Cosmic Microwave Background, Douglas Scott, U British Columbia, Astronomy & Astrophysics

Cosmic Microwave Background Tutorials (CMB Tutorials) U Chicago
The Cosmological Constant Sean M. Carroll & William H. Press, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics & Edwin L. Turner

The Cosmological Constant evolution, Links, references, relativity: by Eli Michael, U Colorado, Boulder
Cosmology: The Study of the Universe from NASA
Cosmology 3 from Telescopes & Astronomy, Astralia

Cosmos in a Computer, U Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
• Cosmic Mystery Tour How did the universe begin & come to be in its present state?
• Our Hierarchical Universe What can the universe's present structure tell us about its evolution & fate?
• Cosmology Goes Digital Why are computers essential to understand or compute the universe?
• Cosmos in Fast Forward animations
• Short Bibliography

CMB Astrophysics Research Program ( L Berkeley National Lab ), Smoot Group Education, Outreach
• Active Galactic Nuclei
    º nuclei (of some galaxies) that outshine the entire galaxy, powered by supermassive black holes
• Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) relic radiation from the Big Bang
• Formation of the Elements
    º In the beginning....
    º Formation of the High Mass Elements (a/k/a What Happens Inside a Star)
• Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry in the Universe
• Potential Software Projects for CS students

Cyberia from U Illinois
• Science for the Millennium, Movie Index
    º Cosmos in a Computer
    º Spacetime Wrinkles
    º Whispers from the Cosmos

Edward L. (Ned) Wright
• Cosmological Fads & Fallacies
• Cosmology Tutorial

Google Books (cosmology books for the general reader)
• Barrow, John D.
    º The Artful Universe 1995 or The Artful Universe Expanded 2005
    º New Theories of EverythingUse It!
• Bartusiak, Marcia
    º Through a universe darkly: a cosmic tale of ancient ethers, dark matter, and the fate of the universe
• Ferris, Timothy
    º The whole shebang
•
    º Greene, Brian
    º The Elegant Universe: Superstrings, Hidden Dimensions, and the Quest for the Ultimate Theory
    º The fabric of the cosmos: space, time, and the texture of reality
• Goldstein, Martin & Goldstein, Inge F.
    º The refrigerator and the universe: understanding the laws of energy (thermodynamics)
• Kaku, Michio
    º Beyond Einstein: the cosmic quest for the theory of the universe
• Kolb, Rocky
    º Blind Watchers Of The Sky: The People And Ideas That Shaped Our View Of The Universe
• Singh, Simon
    º Big Bang: The Origin of the Universe
• Weinberg, Steven
    º Dreams of a final theory

iCosmos.co.uk cosmology calculator: comoving distance, angular diameter distance, luminosity distance, comoving volume, age of the universe, perturbation growth factor

Institute for Strings, Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Cornell U
• News
• People
    º Brian Greene co-director

John H. Schwarz, Caltech Particle Theory
• The Second Superstring RevolutionUse It!

John Huchra's Website

Level 5 knowledgebase for extragalactic Astronomy and Cosmology, About, Links, Search
• Author IndexUse It!
• Lexicon and Glossary of Terms
• Images, Catalogs & Atlases
• Spectroscopy

The Light Cone an illuminating introduction to relativity by Rob Salgado

Los Alamos National Laboratory - e-Print archive

Martin White's Online Publications ( Astronomy Dept, U California, Berkely)
• Big Bang
• Cosmic Rosetta Stone
• Dark Matter
• from Gamow to COBE
• Polarization Primer (Cosmic Microwave Background)

MIT Physics Courses Online
• 8.942 Cosmology As taught in: Fall 2001
• The Early Universe, Prof. Alan Guth, Fall 2013: Video Lectures

NASA, Microwave Anisotropy Probe (MAP) - Cosmology, Outreach: Universe: Cosmology 101:
• Big Bang Theory, Concepts
• Big Bang Tests - Cosmic Micrwaves, Expansion, Light Elements
• Beyond Big Bang - Fluctuations, Fine Tuning, Inflation Theory, Structures
• Our Universe - Age, Cosmological Constant, Expansion, Fate, Shape, Matter
• Related Topics - First Objects, Life and Death of Stars, Milky Way Galaxy

NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database, Intro, LinksUse It!, Search
• Advanced All-Sky Search For Objects By Parameters
• Calculators: Coordinate & Galactic Extinction, Velocity Correction
• Images & Maps
• Level 5 Knowledgebase
• Search: Redshifts, Text

Ned Wright's Cosmology Tutorial: UCLA, FAQ
• Part 1: Observations of Global Properties
• Part 2: Homogeneity and Isotropy; Many Distances; Scale Factor
• Part 3: Spatial Curvature; Flatness-Oldness; Horizon
• Part 4: Inflation; Anisotropy and Inhomogeneity
• The ABC's of Distances
• Age of the Universe
• Popular Cosmology Books (bibliography)
• Relativity Tutorial

Origin and Development of the Universe from NASA Remote Sensing Tutorial
Peter Lynds

Professor Stephen Hawking's website - bio, Glossary, Links, physics colloquiums, public lectures
Qozi.com, Astronomy - Cosmology (Links)
The Scale of the Universe

The Second Superstring Revolution by John Schwarz, Caltech - Particle Theory
• Introduction - Resolution of Contradictions
• Supersymmetry
• Brief History of Superstrings - Strong Nuclear Force, Unification, First Revolution
• Basic Ideas of Superstring Theory - Perturbation, Extra Dimensions, Theory of Everything?
• Second Superstring Revolution - One Theory!, T Duality, S Duality, M Theory, D-Branes
• Conclusions

SuperstringTheory.com, Patricia Schwarz
• Basics

String Theory and the Unification of Forces
•by Sunil Mukhi, Dept Theoretical Physics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research

String Theory Web Site, Links - Cosmology
• How Old is the Universe?
• What is the Structure of the Universe?
• Take a Trip through the Big Bang
• Before the Big Bang

Sunil Mukhi
• String Theory and the Unification of Forces

Superstrings! - Glossary, Links, Tutorial
• Basics
• Black Holes
• D-branes
• Duality
• Extra Dimensions
• M-theory
• Super(symmetric)Strings
• Why Strings?
• Summary

SuperStringtheory.com, ForumsUse It! Index, Links
• Black Holes, Cosmology, Relativity, Time & Causality
• Einstein, Hawking
• Geometry, Topology
• Mystics & Metaphysics, Philosophy of Physics, Science & Religion, Science & Society
• Physics Education, Questions & Answers


U Cambridge - DAMTP, Relativity & Gravitation Group - CosmologyUse It!
• Big Bang, Cosmic Strings, Inflation, Quantum gravity
• Black Holes - Introduction, Observational evidence and Critical Phenomena
• Cosmic Background Radiation - Origin of Fluctuations, Primeval Fireball, Edge Ripples, Temperature
• Galaxies & clusters - Clusters and [Large-scale: Origin], Milky Way, Spiral and Elliptical, Dark Matter
• Quantum Gravity - Quantum Cosmology, M-theory (Strings), and the Holographic Principle

U Colorado, Boulder, CASA: ASTR 5720-001: Galaxies & Cosmology; ASTR 3740: Relativity & Cosmology
• Andrew Hamilton - publications
• Falling in a Black Hole
• Links - Cosmology, Relativity & Black Hole
• Tour of Special Relativity

U Oregon: Astronomy 123 Cosmology and the Origin of Life
View from the center of the Universe book promotion site

Wikipedia: Cosmology, Physical cosmology
    º Category:Cosmology
    º Category:String theory
    º Category:Stellar evolution
    º Category:Astronomy timelines
    º History of the Big Bang theory
    º History of general relativity
    º History of gravitational theory
    º History of optics
    º History of physics
    º History of Solar System formation and evolution hypotheses
    º History of string theory
    º Timeline of the Big Bang
    º Timeline of black hole physics
    º Timeline of cosmic microwave background astronomy
    º Timeline of white dwarfs, neutron stars, and supernovae
• Acceleration
• Accelerating universe
• Age of the universe
• Anthropic principle
• Astrophysics
• Biocentrism (cosmology) life creates the universe
• Big Bang
    º Big Bang nucleosynthesis
    º Timeline of the Big Bang
• Black body
• Bondi, Hermann
• Celestial mechanics
• Cellular automaton
• Chaos
• Chaotic Inflation theory
• Complex systems
• Copernican Principle our place in this Universe is not central or favored
• Cosmic distance ladder (standard candle)
• Cosmic microwave background radiation
• Cosmogony
• Cosmological argument
• Cosmological constant
• Cosmological principle in all space our Universe's large scale properties & physical laws are the same, implies homogeneity & isotropy
    º Perfect cosmological principle extends cosmological principle to both space & time
• Cosmology
    º Non-standard cosmology
    º Observational cosmology
    º Physical cosmology
• Cosmos
• CPT symmetry symmetry of physical laws under simultaneous inversions of charge, parity & time; a mirror-image universe would evolve under our same physical laws
    º CP violation CP-symmetry [laws unchanged by particle/antiparticle exchange (C symmetry) & left/right swap (P symmetry)] violated in neutral kaon decays-1964
    º C-symmetry symmetry under charge-conjugation transformation or particle/antiparticle interchange
    º Parity (physics) (P) parity transformation or parity inversion is flipping the sign of one spatial coordinate (mirror image)
    º T-symmetry symmetry of laws under time reversal transformation
• de Sitter, Willem (1872-1934) co-authored paper Einstein in 1932 which argued there may be large amounts of dark matter
    º de Sitter invariant special relativity
    º de Sitter space
    º de Sitter universe
• Dark energy
• Dark matter
• Distance measures (cosmology)
    º Cepheid variables pulsating variable stars, standard candles, foundation of the Extragalactic Distance Scale
    º Cosmic distance ladder
    º Distance modulus
    º Parallax
    º Tip of the red giant branch distance indicator using luminosity of brightest red giant branch stars in a galaxy to gauge the galaxy's distance
    º Triangulation
• Doppler effect
• Einstein, Albert (1879-1955)
• Event horizon
• Golden age of cosmology
• Homogeneity (physics)
• Hoyle, Fred (1915-2001)
• Elementary particle
• Energy
• Eras: phases of the known universe
    º Dark Energy Dominated Era 5 billion years A.B. (After the Big Bang)
    º Matter-Dominated Era 70,000 years A.B.
    º Radiation-Dominated Era
• Evolution
• Fine-tuned Universe
• Flatness problem
• Force
• Friedmann, Alexander (1888-1925)
    º Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker metric solution of Einstein's field equations implying Big Bang
• Fundamental interaction (fundamental forces)
• Future of an expanding universe
• Galaxy, Galaxy formation and evolution
• Gold, Thomas (1920-2004) Steady State Theory
• Golden age of cosmology
• Golden age of general relativity
• Grand unification epoch
• Grand Unified Theory
• Gravitation
    º Gravitational field
    º Gravitational lens
    º Gravitational redshift
    º Gravitational well
    º Quantum gravity
• Guth, Alan (1947-) originator of inflation theory
• Hawking, Stephen (1942)
    º Hawking radiation
• Heat death of the universe
• Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
    º Instability strip
    º Stellar birthline
    º Turnoff point
• Hubble, Edwin (1889-1953)
    º Hubble's law
• Inflation (cosmology)
    º Chaotic inflation theory
    º Inflationary epoch
• Intelligent design
• Isotropy
• Khvolson, Orest (1852-1934)gravitational lense
• Lanza, Robert
    º Biocentrism (cosmology) life creates the universe
• Large-scale structure of the cosmos
• Lemaitre, Georges (1894-1966) 1927 primeval atom (Big Bang) solution to Einstein's field equations independent of Friedmann
• Levi-Civita, Tullio (1873-1941)
• Luminiferous aether
• Lyman alpha blob
• Lynds, Peter (1975) cyclic time cosmology model
• Mass
• Mathematical universe hypothesis
• Matter
• Mediocrity principle our place in this Universe is average
• Metric expansion of space
• Hermann Minkowski (1864-1909)
    º Minkowski space
• Morse, Marston (1892-1977)
    º Morse theory
• Multiverse
• Natural selection
• Non-standard cosmology
• Nucleosynthesis
    º Big Bang nucleosynthesis
    º Cosmic ray spallation
    º Stellar nucleosynthesis
• Observable universe
• Observational cosmology
• Particle physics
    º Standard Model
• Perfect Cosmological Principle
    º Steady State theory
• Physical cosmology
• Planck scale
• Planck time
• Plasma (physics)
• Plenitude principle everything that can happen will happen
• Principles
    º Anthropic principle our Universe must be compatible with conscious life
    º Copernican Principle our place in this Universe is not central or favored
    º Cosmological principle in all space our Universe's large scale properties & physical laws are the same, implies homogeneity & isotropy
    º Mediocrity principle our place in this Universe is average
    º Perfect cosmological principle extends cosmological principle to both space & time
    º Plenitude principle everything that can happen will happen
• Quantum mechanics
• Quantum gravity
• Randomness
• Redshift
    º Cosmological redshift - due to the expansion of space (not observed within the Local Group of galaxies due to gravitational effects overwhelming expansion tendency)
    º Doppler effect due to objects moving through space
    º Gravitational redshift due to loss of energy in escaping a gravitational field
• Relativity, Theory of
    º General Relativity, History of general relativity
    º Special relativity, History of special relativity
• Robertson, Howard Percy (1903-1961)
• Shape of the universe
• Spacetime
• Static universe
• Steady State theory
    º Perfect Cosmological Principle
• Stellar nucleosynthesis
• String theory
    º Bosonic string theory
    º Superstring theory (supersymmetric string theory)
• Structure formation
• Supersymmetry
• Tegmark, Max (1967-) mathematical argument for the multiverse
    º Mathematical universe hypothesis
• Theology
• Theory of everything
• Thomson scattering theorized reason for opaqueness of the Big Bang plasma phase & linear polarization of cosmic microwave background radiation
• Timeline of cosmology
• Tired light
• Ultimate fate of the universe
• Universe
• Vacuum energy
• Walker, Arthur Geoffrey (1909-2001)
• Whitrow, Gerald James The Structure and Evolution of the Universe: An Introduction to Cosmology (1949)
• Wolff, Christian (philosopher) (1679-1754)
• Wolfram, Stephen (1959-)
    º A New Kind of Science ( Online Book) at WolframScience.com
• Work (physics), Work (thermodynamics)
• Zero-energy Universe

Wright Center for Innovative Science EducationUse It! Tufts U
• Classroom Activities and resources
    º Cosmic Evolution


Hubble's Law)

CLEA Project: Overview of Available Software from Gettysburg College, Physics
• General Technical User's Manual (pdf) REQUIRED
• Hubble RedShift-Distance Relation

Cornell U, Astonomy ( Resources, Ask an Astronomer )
• Astronomy 201: Our Home in the Universe ( Links )
    º Hubble's Law

Hubble's Law and the Expansion of the Universe


^ PHYSICS

DATA

Google Search
• physics reference data

IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology the Gold Book, About, Alphabetical index, SiteMap
• General indexes
    º Acronyms and abbreviations
    º Obsolete terms
• Math / physics indexes
    º Physical constants definitions
    º Quantities
    º SI prefixes definitions
    º Units definitions

Leybold-didactic.com LD Didactic AG & Co. KG
• Physics experiments - Secondary
• Physics Leaflets
    º Determining the volumetric expansion coefficient of liquids

Technology Systems Free reference downloads
• Data Books
• Data Sheets
• Design Software
• Electronic Projects
• Full Electronic books
• Scientific and Electronic papers


^ PHYSICS
DEMONSTRATIONS
also see.. Animations & Simulations, Videos

Boston U, Physics Lecture Demonstrations
• Physlet Demonstrations: Semesters 1 & 2

Daedalon.com ($) experiments & apparatus
• Modern Physics

Demonstration Bibliography: based on Physics Instructional Resource Association (PIRA), 1998
Exploratorium
• Snacks miniature low-cost classroom demonstrations based on exploratorium exhibits

Georgia Tech, School of Physics, Physics Demonstration Facility

Harvard U, Science Center, Physics Demonstrations ( How to use this guide )
• Astronomy & Astrophysics
• Condensed Matter
• Electricity & Magnetism
    º OHP Circuit Board
    º Triboelectric Effects
• Geophysics
• Light & Optics
• Mathematical Topics
• Newtonian Mechanics
• Oscillations & Waves
• Quantum Physics & Relativity
• Thermal Physics

Inverted Pendulum Design Using MATLAB software

Julien Clinton Sprott, U Wisconsin - Madison
• Physics DemonstrationsUse It! A Sourcebook for Teachers of Physics
• Popular Lectures
• Sprott's Fractal Gallery
• Sprott's Software

N.C. State U , Physics Dept, Physics Demonstrations
Physical Sciences Resource Center, American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT)
• Demos & Labs, LinksUse It!

Physics Demonstration Catalog University of Oregon

Physics Force from U Minnesota, Physics
• Physics Circus DemonstrationsUse It! with some VIDEOS

Physics Instructional Resource Association (PIRA), Forum
• Demo Bibliography
• PIRA 200 Demo List
• Wiki

Physics Lecture Demonstrations, Museum Informatics Project: U.C. Berkeley

Science HobbyistUse It! William J. Beaty, Seattle, WA: Physics Demos & Science Exhibit Designs, Links, Suppliers
• Electricity Articles (all)
• Electronics Hobbyist with Links
• Kids' Science Projects
• Science Education Articles
• Science Myths in K-6 Textbooks and Popular culture
• Static Electricity Page: Electrostatic Build-it Projects
    º Determining Charge Polarity
• Nikola Tesla Page, tesla coils
• Plasma Sphere construction articles, plans, links
• Van de Graaff Electrostatic Generator Page: Building your own
• Videos: science projects, experiments
    º Abrasion Holography hand-drawn Holograms
    º Disgustoscope
    º Ultra-simple Electric Generator with parts list & instructions

U California Santa Cruz, Physics Lecture Demonstration CatalogUse It!
• Atoms & Solid State
• Electricity & Magnetism Fluids, Pressure & Heat
• Mechanics
• Optics
• Oscillations & Waves

U Colorado, Boulder, Physics, Physics 2000
• Physics Learning Laboratories

U.C. Berkeley Physics Lecture Demonstrations, Download Physics NotebooksUse It!
• Index to Physics Notebooks
• Movies of selected demosUse It!
• Astronomy and Perception Book G
• Electricity and Magnetism Book D
• Mechanics Book A
• Modern and Contemporary Physics Book F
• Optics Book E
• Properties of Heat and Matter Book C
• Waves Book B

UCLA, Physics & Astronomy: Lecture Demonstration Manual, Contents
• First Day Demos
    º Drop Two Balls
    º Faith in Physics Pendulum
    º Turntable and Weights. Turntable and Bicycle Wheel
• Vectors & Forces
    º What is a Radian?
• Kinematics
    º Acceleration Down an Inclined Plane
• First Law, Inertia
    º Flick the Card
    º Hammer and Rod
    º Inertia Ball
    º Jerk the Table Cloth
    º Partial Pie Plate ball in circular motion exits in a straight line
• Friction
    º Friction Blocks adjustable inclined plane
    º Terminal Velocity with a ping pong ball
• Gravitational Acceleration
    º Acceleration Down an Inclined Plane
    º Cavendish Balance
    º Falling Chimney
    º Horizontal and Vertical Bell Drop
    º Local Inertial Frame
    º Measurements of g with a metronome
• Third Law
    º Paradox of Forces
    º Sail and Prop
• Momentum and Collisions
    º Collision Balls Newton's Cradle
    º Happy and Unhappy Impact
    º Hover Disks
    º Reaction Carts
    º Two Balls Hanging

U Florida, Physics
• Demonstration Page: html Manual
    º Download Powerpoint (zip)

U Glasgow, Physics Dept, Exhibits

U Iowa, Physics and Astronomy Lecture Demonstrations with VIDEOS: Demponstrations (frame)
• Math
    º Radian Disk
• Rotational Energy
    º Falling Chimney ( mpeg )
• Transfer of Angular Momentum
    º Magic Windmill transverse oscillation to elliptical oscillation in a solid
• Rotational Stability
    º Football ( mpeg )

U Maryland, Physics Dept, Physics Lecture-Demonstration Facility, Search, Demonstration Index: Main TopicsUse It!
• Demonstrations in Acoustics DVD ($25) 70 demonstrations
• Sub-Topics J. Electrostatics and Magnetostatics

U Minnesota, School of Physics & Astronomy: Physics Demo Page

U Oregon, Dept Physics
• Physics Index
• Physics Demo Room

U Wisconsin, Physics: Lecture Deomonstrations, Links
• Short FilmsUse It! (quicktime)

Video Encyclopedia of Physics Demonstrations ($)

Wake Forest U, Dept Physics, Online Demos

^ PHYSICS
DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS

Wikipedia
• Dimensional analysis
• Fundamental unit
• Natural units
• Nondimensionalization
• Similitude (model)

YouTube
• Powers of Ten, Charles & Ray Eames

^ PHYSICS
DYNAMICS
also see.. §Mechanics§

Three-Body Scattering Qunitessential Complex System: North Dakota State U

^ PHYSICS
EDUCATION
also see.. AP Physics, Classroom Supplies, Demonstrations, Modeling, §TEACHERS (Science)§, Tutorials

The Bazaar Approach to Physics Education by Dick Furnstahl & Seth Rosenberg, Ohio State U, Physics

BQLearning.org Open Source Physics (OSP) curricular material, physlet/open source animation database, Browse by Subject & Physics Level

Center for Nanoscale Systems: Institute for Physics TeachersUse It! Links Cornell U
• Equipment Lending Library for teachers who have received CIPT training

Dr. Benson's College Park High School, Links

Exploratorium, Teacher Institute

International Physics Olympiad Competition annual competition for secondary school students
• 2009
    º Theoretical Problem No. 1 Evolution of the Earth-Moon System ( Scribd.com Answers )

Adopt-a-Physicistconnects high school students with physics graduates via online message boards

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) About, Project 2061: Publications, Online Tools
• Science for All AmericansUse It! online book, also in Spanish: Ciencia: Conocimiento para Todos
• Benchmarks OnlineUse It!

American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT) since 1930, ensuring the dissemination physics knowledge, particularly through teaching, Links
• 2010 U.S. Physics Team represent the United States at the International Physics Olympiad Competition
• Advanced Labs at Compadre.org
• American Journal of Physics from ( AIP)
• Guidelines for Physics Programs High School
• High School Physics Photo Contest
• Local Sections
• New Faculty Workshops
• Physics First (pdf) AAPT Statement
• the Physics Teacher Online from ( AIP)
• Physics Teaching Resource Agents (PTRA) Program local professional development workshops
• Powerful Ideas In Physical Science teaching tomorrow’s elementary educators
• Teaching Resources
    º Guidelines for High School Physics Programs
    º HS Textbook Review, Parts 1: Introduction, 2: Active Physics, 3: Conceptual Physics

American Institute of Physics
• The Physics Teacher Online (TPTO) subscription required, About

Annenberg Media Learner.org
• Amusement Park Physics
• Learning Science Through Inquiry
• Mathematics and Science for All
• The Mechanical Universe...and Beyond
    º Inertia
    º Newton's Laws
    º Vectors
• A Private Universe why even Ivy League graduates don't really grasp basic science concepts
• Science in Focus: Force and Motion

Arizona State U: Modeling Instruction Program research-based reform of physics instruction, all grade levels, support for physics teachers' professional growth
• Research articles

Blogspot.com
• Hake'sEdStuff

BQLearning.org, Search

Charles Henderson, Ph.D., Western Michigan U
• Research-Based Instructional StrategiesUse It! for introductory quantitative physics

Classroom 2.0 free registration required
• Physics and Web 2.0

Colorado State U, Physics: Little Shop of Physics
• For Teachers ideas for Experiments
• Stuff To Try fun and easy experiments

comPADRE Physics & Astronomy Education Communities, Digital Library is a network of free online resources for faculty, students & teachers in Physics & Astronomy Education

Comprehensive Conceptual Curriculum for Physics (C3P) Project, U Dallas
• CD-ROM available only through workshop participation
• c3plab

Cornell U Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics: Education and Outreach
• Physics First First Conference Held at Cornell by John L. Roeder

Federal Resources for Educational Excellence: Physics

Google Books, Books by by Arnold B. Arons

Harvard U, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
• Interactive Learning Toolkit implement teaching ideasas Peer Instruction & Just-in-Time-Teaching, monitor your students' learning

Helping physics students learn how to learn by Andrew Elby, U Maryland, Physics

Henry Foundation, Inc. at Johns Hopkins U
• Henry, Richard Conn Professor: Publications
    º Circular motion usnig Newton to teach acceleration in uniform circular motion
    º Pythagorean Theorem

IPC Goes to the Movies (Integrated Physics and Chemistry)

Institute of Physics
• Teaching Advanced Physics (TAP) detailed ideas & resources for teaching students aged 16-19

Intuitor.com succeed through creative learning, featuring local hex time
• Basic Physics Savvy Quiz
• Insultingly Stupid Movie Physics
• The Physics of Resonance

Junior Engineering (K-6) from Utah State U, Lesson Plans, SiteMap
• Teacher Workshop

Ken Newbery's Conceptual Physics (high school)

Kents Hill School Physics
• Introduction to Physics or What is Physics and Why do I care?
• Introduction to Physics or What is Physics and Why do I care?

ListServ.Aera.Net
• Is Scientifically-based Education an Oxymoron? Reply to Eubanks From: Richard Hake

Los Alamos National Laboratory ( Library: Physics, Science-general ) Links
• Teacher Resources
• Automated e-print archives
• Los Alamos Educational Equipment Gift Program (LEEG)

MathCasts.orgUse It! Math247 screencasts, where Creativity Counts!
• Physics with GeoGebra

MIT Open CoursewareUse It! All Courses Index, Audio/Video Courses, governed by Creative Commons license: Physics
• Teaching College-Level Science and Engineering
    º Selected Video DiscussionsUse It!

Mrs. Balch, Satellite High School
• Physics Links

TheMathMaker.comUse It! Blogs & Forums, Links (mathcast & software), SiteMap
• Documents for Teachers
• Links
• Newtonian Mechanics: Inclined Plane Problem
• Phi-casts
    º Mathcast: Databases & Sites
• Straightline Motion
    º Equations of Uniform Acceleration
    º Motion Graphs with QuickTake Presenter
    º Velocity-Time Graphs, with TI-SmartView & Captioned
    º Software: Math and Physics Software, Testing and Question Software...
• Trigonometry and Precalculus
• Vectors
    º Simple Vectors with ExamView

MathPages.com
• Physics

NASA - Digital Learning Network DLiNfo Channel

NASA: For Educators, Find Teaching Materials
• Rockets Educator Guide

NASA: Math & Science Resources
• 9th Grade Math Practice Questions Proficiency Test
• Mathematical Thinking in Physics
• Teacher's Corner

NASA, Practical Uses of Science and Math (PUMAS)

National Science Digital Library open source technology & standards, Browse
• comPadre Physics and Astronomy Education Communities
• Engineering Pathway K-12 teaching & learning resources: applied science & engineering, engineering technology, computer science/information technology, math
• Exploratorium's Digital Library informal learning
• K-12 Teacher Resources
• MathDL MAA Mathematical Sciences Digital Library
• Middle School Portal, About
• funded by the National Science Foundation
• Participate in NSDL events, network, contribute knowledge/resources
• Teacher's Domain K-12 Video & Digital Media

National Science Teachers Association (NSTA)
• Recommended Science Teaching MaterialsUse It! Search for textbooks, etc.
    º 9-12 Physics
• Publications and Products
    º National Science Education Standards: National Science Education Standards

North Carolina State U, Physics Education Research Group
• Assessment Instrument Information Page

NY Regents Examinations with solutions: Physical Setting/Physics • Science Reference Tables
    º Reference Tables for Physical Setting/PHYSICS 2002 (pdf)

Open Source PhysicsUse It! from Compadre.org, Browse by Subject

Physics2000.com ($10) physics courses on CD's, textbooks additional

the Physics Classroom
• Multimedia Physics Studio
• Physics Help
• Tutorials

ThePhysicsFront.orgUse It! online resource Web Portal for teaching physics, SiteMap
• Search by Activity, Assessment, Labs, Lesson Plan

Physics Instructional Resource AssociationUse It! (PIRA) About, Forum
• Demonstration Bibliography
• File Sharing Gallery
• Wiki

Physics Lab Online by Catharine H. Colwell, Site Instructions, Search, Table of Contents
• Next-Time Questions to accompany Paul Hewitt's Conceptual Physics

Physics Teacher Education, Illinois State U
• Journal of Physics Teacher Education Online
• Resources

Physics Teacher Education Coalition (PhysTEC)
• PTEC Library for physics teacher preparation

Physics Teacher SOS free workshops for new northern CA teachers, Contacts
• from the Northern California and Nevada Section of The American Association of Physics Teachers
• Online Community: Discussion Group from Yahoo Groups
• Increase Your Impact Teaching Physics

Research in Physics Education Richard Hake, U Indiana Physics
• Socratic Dialog-Inducing (SDI) Labs (pdf) mechanics lab downloads

Richard N. Steinberg, Division of Science, City College of NY
• Physics Education Activities
    º Physics Education Research Conference 2000: Teacher Education

Rutgers Physics and Astronomy Education Research Group modelling: “cognitive apprenticeship” learning processes of science rather than results, observing, modelling & doing; acquiring skills in “hypothetico-deductive reasoning”
• Physics Teaching Technology Resource (Video Experiments)

Science and Mathematics Initiative for Learning Enhancement (SMILE) elementary & high school single concept lessons: Physics Index
• Electricity & Magnetism
• Fluids
• Matter
• Mechanics
• Miscellaneous
• Waves, Sound and Optics

Steve Lindaas, MN State U
• Conceptual Physics Syllabus
• Educator Resources
• Kid Stuff

St. Louis Area Physics Teachers (SLAPT)
• Teaching Resources

TeachersDomain.orgUse It!
• Galileo's Inclined Plane ( QuickTime Video )
• Galileo's Thought Experiment ( QuickTime Video )
• Physical Science
    º Objects in Motion
    º Velocity and Acceleration

Teacher to Teacher, U.S. Dept Education
• Teacher Workshops: Session Materials - Science
    º Session Materials - Math
    º Hands-on Math To Improve Understanding of Basic Functions
    º Learning To Use Graphing Calculators To Develop Key Concepts

TeachingDVD ($) from Richard Hake, Harvard U Galileo Project using peer instruction & just-in-time teaching
• Puchase DVD from Pearson Education

Texas A&M U, Center for Mathematics and Science Education (CMSE)Use It!
• Low-Cost Physics ActivitiesUse It! (Word Docs only)
• Powerpoint Physics
• Video Analysis Investigations for Physics and Mathematics

TiesMagazine.org The Magazine of Design & Technology Education, LInks
• Archives

TryEngineering.org from IEEE & IBM
• Games
    º Bridge Designer
• Lesson Plans

U California, Berkeley, Center for Science Education: SEGway
• Exploring Magnetism
    º Magnetism & Electromagnetism

U Michigan Open Educational Resources
• PHYSICS 140 - General Physics 1 Creative Commons License
• Lectures

U Minnesota, Physics & Astronomy, Physics Education Research & DevelopmentUse It!
• Context Rich Problems
• Cooperative Group Problem Solving, Download Cooperative Group Problem Solving by Pat Heller and Ken Heller
• Problem Solving Labs, Download Laboratory Manuals

U New Mexico, STEM Education Outreach
• Secondary Teaching in Mathematics & Science (STEMS) Graduate Program

Wikipedia
• Physics First

WikiSpaces.com
• Jay's Scratch Pad example physics class wiki

Yahoo Groups : PhysicsFirst
• Physics First pamphlet


^ PHYSICS
ENERGY
also see.. §ENERGY & POWER§, §History of Thermodynamics & Energy§, §Engineering Thermodynamics & Heat Transfer§

DIRECTORIES-Energy
dmoz.org Open Directory | Google.com | Yahoo.com

HyperPhysics C.R. Nave, Georgia State U, including online calculators
• Energy

Lightandmatter.com
• Conservation of Energy by Benjamin Crowell

PhysicsWorld.com: What does energy really mean?
Scribd.com online publishing: Energy-for-Kids
PhysNet.org: Work, Power, Kinetic Energy (online pdf text) by John S. Ross, Rollins College

Wikipedia.org
    º Book:Energy
    º Category:Energy
    º Category:Energy conversion
    º Category:Energy development
    º Category:Energy measurement
    º Category:Energy models
    º Category:Energy in physics
    º Category:Energy publications
    º Category:Energy-related lists
    º Category:Energy technology
    º Category:Forms of energy
    º Category:People associated with energy
    º Category:Power (physics)
    º History of energy
    º Index of energy articles
    º List of negative energy articles
    º; Outline of energy
• Binding energy
• Chemical energy
• Dark energy
• Elastic energy, Elastic potential energy
• Electromagnetic radiation
• Energy
• Energy management software
• Energy storage
• Energy transfer
• Energy transformation
• Forms of energy
• Fuel cell
• Gibbs free energy
• Gravitational energy
• Heat
• Heat engine
• Helmholtz free energy
• History of energy
• Internal energy
• Ionization energy
• Kinetic energy
• Mechanical energy
• Nuclear energy
• Orders of magnitude (energy)
• Perpetual motion
• Potential energy
• Power transmission
• Primary energy as fuel
• Radiant energy
• Rest energy or Energy of Mass
• Rotational energy
• Statistical mechanics
• Stress-energy tensor
• Thermal energy
• Thermodynamics
• Work (physics)9
• Work (thermodynamics)


^ PHYSICS

EQUATION MNEMONICS
also see.. §Memory @BRAIN§, §Mnemonics @EDUCATION§

Mnemonic Devices Physics from ICT4US.com free, fun, & information in a nutshell

Wikipedia
• Defining equation (physics)
• Physical quantity
• User:FreeT: Physics Equations


^ PHYSICS
FAQS, FORUMS
American Institute of Physics (AIP) SiteMap
• AIP UniPHY literature-based professional social networking site for physical science researchers, FAQ
    º Education & Educational aids
    º History of science
    º Find Researchers
• The Physics Teacher Online (TPTO) subscription required, About

Argonne National Lab, NEWTON BBS: Ask A Scientist (K-12) Archive & Search, Physics
• Absolute Zero and Molecular Motion
• Centrifugal Force
• Existence of Time
• "Hooke's Law" and Rubber Bands
• Quantum mechanics/relativity

Facebook.com : Physics Search results
John Baez's Stuff, Math Professor, U California, Riverside
• Faqs.org: physics-faq

PhysicsForums.com: PF Lounge, General Discussion
• Brain Teasers
    º Why do race cars use wide tires?
• Finding Moment of Inertia of Infinitely Thin Hoop using a Double Integral

Usenet Physics FAQ
• Open Questions in Physics


^ PHYSICS
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Los Alamos National Laboratory ( Library: Physics, Science-general ) Links
• Teacher Resources
• Automated e-print archives

Sandia National Laboratory ( SiteMap ): Education
• Adventures in Math and Science (ASK)
    º High School Programs

Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC)

^ PHYSICS
FIELD

Wikipedia
• Category:Fundamental physics concepts
• Electric field
• Electromagnetic field
• Field (physics)
• Magnetic field
• Mean field theory


^ PHYSICS
FEYNMAN, RICHARD
also see.. Quantum, Videos

The Feynman Lectures on Physics Website (feynmanlectures.info)

Feynman Online
Google Videos Feynman
• Physics

Lulu.com: TuvaMuch ($) a few free downloads
NobelPrize.org: Richard P. Feynman Biography
Vega Science Trust Videos
• Richard Feynman (Online Videos) The Douglas Robb Memorial Lectures

Wikipedia
• Richard Feynman
• Feynman Lectures on Physics
    º One-electron universe

Wikiquote: Richard Feynman

YouTube
• Richard Feynman: Disrepect for Authority


^ PHYSICS
FIND IT HERE
DIRECTORIES-Physics
dmoz Open Directory | Google | Virtual Library | Wikipedia | Yahoo

About.com (ads) Physics

arXiv.org e-Print archiveUse It! articles in Physics, Math & Nonlinear Sciences

Bookmarks for David J. Wright see (find) the "physics" entries...

CourseHero.com student learning network, shared problem solutions
Craville Studies links, tips & summaries for students, Forums
• Physics

Educypedia: Physics

Eric Weisstein's World of ScienceUse It! About, FAQs
• from Wolfrom Research Mathematica
• Physics
    º Astrophysics
    º Electromagnetism
    º Experimental Physics
    º Fluid Mechanics
    º History and Terminology
    º Mechanics
    º Modern Physics
    º Optics
    º States of Matter
    º Thermodynamics
    º Units and Dimensional Analysis
    º Wave Motion

Internet Resources: Physics Association of College & Research Libraries

Federal Resources for Educational Excellence: PhysicsUse It!

Intute.ac.ukUse It! best websites for study & research: Physical Sciences
• Astronomy
• General Sciences
• Mathematics
• Physics

Jeff's Physics PageUse It! beginner Links, Tutorials, research

Librarians Index to the Internet: Physics
Mathtools.netUse It! computer programming Links for math & science

THE NET ADVANCE OF PHYSICS: MIT Encyclopædic Format Review Articles & Tutorials

Physical Sciences Resource Center, American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT)

ThePhysicsFront.orgUse It! online resource Directory for teaching physics, SiteMap
• Search by Activity, Assessment, Labs, Lesson Plan

PhysicsCentral.com - Links, Search
Physics Links U Utrecht, Germany
The Physics Page: Michael Cartwright, Shiloh High, Ga teacher

Physics Resource SiteUse It! Georgia Institute of Technology

Physics to Go Portal, Search, SiteMap
PhysicsWeb.orgUse It! Events, Links ( Education, Organizations, Reference ) News ( World ), Search
• Articles
• Buyer's Guide
• Jobs
• TIPTOP Virtual Lab & Java Applets Portal

Physlink.comUse It! About, Chat, Education, Forums, Links, Reference

Physics Virtual Library: Subjects
• Atomic and Molecular
• Classical Mechanics
• Electromagnetism, Special Relativity
• Elementary Particles and Fields
• Experimental Physics: Measurement, Instruments and Apparatus
• General Physics
• Geophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics
• Interdiscipinary
• Mathematical Physics
• Nuclear Physics
• Optics
• Quantum Mechanics
• Statistical & Thermodynamics

PhysicsWebA Hub!

PIRA Homepage Physics Instructional Resource Association

PSIgate Physical Science Information Gateway
• Physics Gateway

Randy Knight, Cal Poly Physics Department
•http://calpoly.edu/~rknight/references.html"> Physics References

SEM: Science, Engineering, & Math Links:   U Delaware
Slack Central Presents: Physics Central a few links
TIPTOP The Internet Pilot to Physics

USB Buckyball Home Page

U Sydney Physics stage 6 Syllabus
• The Age of Silicon
• Applets and Shockwave Animations
• Astrophysics
• The Cosmic Engine
• Electrical Energy in the Home
• Geophysics
• From Ideas to Implementation
• Medical Physics
• Motors and Generators
• From Quanta to Quarks
• Space
• Software for use in the Physics Syllabus
• The World Communicates

Yahoo Search: Physics@Science
WWW Virtual Library: Physics

^ PHYSICS
FUN FIZZEEKS & LAUGHING MAF

SodaPlay.com constructor, edit 2-D models of masses & springs, Search
• Create
• Play


^ PHYSICS
GEIGER COUNTER

Charles Edison Fund: Science Teaching Experiments Edison Awards Program
• Chapter VIII. Nuclear Experiments (pdf) includes Experiment 8 below
• EXPERIMENT 8 Build a Geiger Counter (A Class Project)

ElectronicFr.com - Microcontrolers, domotic & robotic
• How to build a geiger counter with USB interface

GalacticElectronics.com Projects for the electronics hobbiest
• Build this Geiger counter from commonly available parts (except the Geiger-Mueller tube)

Images SI, Inc. selling kits & instruments
• Build Your Own Geiger Counter
• Key Components

National Radiation Instrument Catalog to categorize every portable nuclear radiation instrument (1920 to 1960) About
• Catalog

Wikipedia
• Gaseous ionization detectors
• Geiger counter with history
• Geiger, Hans
• Geiger-Muller tube
• Geiger plateau
• Ionization chamber
• Liebson, Sidney H.
• Scintillation counter
• Walther Muller
• Rutherford, Ernest


^ PHYSICS
GEOGEBRA

ellitech.ca by Will Elliott
• Mr Elliott's Math Classes
• Physics Materials using Geogebra
    º Convex Lens
    º Standing Waves
    º Superposition of Waves
• Software for Senior Maths & Sciences

Geogebra.org: Wiki
• Physics with GeoGebra

Google search
• “geogebra physics”

Math247: Physics with GeoGebra
• Cannonball in Vertical Motion - Free Fall

Mathcasts.org
• Technology for Teaching “Thinking Mathematics”
• Centroid, Ceva's Theorem & Median
• Shooting a Cannonball 4 - Tilting Cannon & Explosion
• Shooting a Cannonball 5 - Choose your planet!


^ PHYSICS
MAGNETOSPHERE, GEOMAGNETISM

British Geological Survey (BGS)
• IGRF Model International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF), Online Access

International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, Division V-MOD Geomagnetic Field Modeling
• International Geomagnetic Reference Field Model Source Code or Run Online

NASA, For Educators
• Space Math sun-Earth system, specifically space weather

NASA IMAGE Edcuation Center
• Earth's Magnetic Field and its Changes in Time
• Exploring Magnetism
• Introduction to GeomagnetismUse It!
• The Magnetospheric System
• Soda Bottle Magnetometer, HTML

NASA's RadRadiation Belt Modeling for Living with a Star
• Education & Outreach ( 2 )

Student Observation Network (SON) magnetosphere network utilizing a classroom-built magnetometer
• From Students

^ PHYSICS
GRAPHICAL METHODS

Arizona State U, Modeling Instruction Program for physics education: Mechanics curriculum Index
• 1-Sci Thinking
    º Unit I Reading - Graphical MethodsUse It!


^ PHYSICS
GRAVITY
also see.. Relativity

International Gravity Formula(e) & International Gravity Formula "Calculator" (Excel spreadsheet) by Judson L. Ahern, Professor Emeritus, Geophysics, U Oklahoma

U Tennessee, Knoxville , Physics & Astronomy: Astronomy 161
• The Solar System
    º Sir Isaac Newton: The Universal Law of Gravitation

Wikipedia
• Earth's gravity: Mathematical models
• g-force
• Gravitation
• Gravitational acceleration
• Gravitational constant
• Newton's law of universal gravitation, Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica
• Standard gravity


^ PHYSICS
HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
Glenbrook South: Physics
• The Physics Classroom Tutorials

InspireHEP.netUse It! High-Energy Physics Literature Database, search

^ PHYSICS
HIGH SCHOOL & HIGH SCHOOLS
Annenberg Media Learner.org, Teacher Resources
• Earth Revealed

Dr. John Benson, Woodlands College Park High, Links
SchoolWorld.com: Teacher Sites, Ms. Noel, Links

^ PHYSICS
IMAGES

American Institute of Physics, SiteMap
• News: Physics News Graphics
• Emilio Segrè Visual Archives photos/portraits


^ PHYSICS
INERTIA (MASS), MOMENT OF INERTIA (ANGULAR MASS or ROTATIONAL INERTIA)

Carlos R. Mera, Cerritos College: Physics 101L
• Moment of Inertia

PhysicsForums.com: PF Lounge, General Discussion
• Brain Teasers
    º Why do race cars use wide tires?
• Finding Moment of Inertia of Infinitely Thin Hoop using a Double Integral

Wikipedia
• Galileo Galilei: Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems
• List of moments of inertia
• MassUse It!
• Moment of inertia, Parallel axis theorem (moment of inertia), Radius of gyration
• Newton's laws of motion: First Law


^ PHYSICS
INSTRUMENTS
also see.. §HISTORY of Science§

Clemson U: Physics Astronomy Educational Physics Laboratories, Physics Labs Tutorials
• Online Stopwatch
• How to use the vernier caliper

NTNU Virtual Physics Laboratory Java Simulations in Physics
• Vernier Caliper and Micrometer with zero error options

Tommy Test Tubes Thomas J. Wdowiak, astrophysicist, U Alabama
• Galvanometer build a real scientific instrument that measures electric current

Upscale undergraduate physics computing & learning environment
• Reading a Vernier Caliper

Vernier Calipers

Vernier Software & Technology, Products & Software
• Easy Products for data collection with TI-84 seried calculators
• Go! Products instruments for computer data-collection
• Lab Books
• Lab Equipment
• Logger Pro site license: all instructor computers & the student home computers
• Packages
• Sensors & Probes
• Texas Instruments Calculator Products


^ PHYSICS
INTERDISCIPLINARY

Wikipedia
• Category:Applied and interdisciplinary physics
• Category:Acoustics
• Category:Biophysics
• Category:Geophysics
• Category:Physical chemistry
• Category:Materials science
• Category:Mechanical engineering
• Category:Medical physics
• Category:Physical oceanography
• Category:Self-organization
• Category:Soil physics
• Applied physics
• Engineering physics
• Medical physics


^ PHYSICS
KEPLER

The Living Mathematics Project from U British Columbia Math
• Kepler's Laws Applet by David Austin


^ PHYSICS
KIDS

Google Search
• "physics for kids" site:*.edu

Physics Circus from U California Physics
• Fun Physics Sites

TryScience.org: Experiments

Wonders of Physics Traveling Show
• Collapsing a Can
• Make a Pinhole Camera
• Measure the Speed of Light using your Microwave
• Reaction Time


^ PHYSICS
KINEMATIC EQUATIONS

Glenbrook High School: The Physics Classroom Tutorial
• Describing Motion with Words Introduction to the Language of Kinematics
    º Acceleration
    º Distance and Displacement
    º Speed and Velocity
    º Vectors & Scalars
• Kinematic Equations and Problem-Solving

PhysicsClassroom.com
• One Dimensional Kinematics

Wikipedia
• Classical mechanics
• Equations of motion
• Kinematics


^ PHYSICS
KALUZA-KLEIN PARTICLES

Amazon.com
• Warped Passages: Unraveling the Mysteries of the Universe's Hidden Dimensions by Lisa Randall

Google Scholar Search: kk particles

Harvard U, Physics Dept
• Lisa Randall, Book Reviews
• Google University Search: Harvard) Lisa Randall


^ PHYSICS
LABS
also see.. §Electricity§, §Error Analysis (MATH)§, Equipment, Instruments, Supplies Video Analysis

Activities by Eric Muller

ActivPhysicsOnline from Pearson Education (pearsoned.com)

Alliance to Save Energy
• Generate Your Own Hydropower & build a galvanometer

American Institute of Physics, Scitation Labs, SiteMap
• Physics Teacher Magazine online
    º Physics Labs with Flavor, Mikhail M. Agrest

Arizona State U, Modeling Instruction ProgramUse It! Links
• Action Research, Resources, Equipment for the Modeling Classroom (pdf's)
    º Experimental Design and Graphical Analysis of Data
    º Graphs as a Problem-Solving Tool
• Mechanics curriculumUse It! Index
    º Intro stuff: Lab Scoresheet, Lab Write-up Checklist, Writing the Physics Lab Report
    º 1-Sci Thinking: Unit I Reading Graphical Methods, Significant Figures
• Modeling Instruction in High School Physics, Chemistry, Physical Science, and Biology
    º Lab-practica/physics Index: Lab Practicum in Modeling, Practicum Dynamics (word)
    º Lab PracticumsUse It! Book: Practicums for High School Physics Teachers, Order Form or Henry Ryan: email ryanx064@umn.edu, ph (651) 490-0619

Beth Hacker PhD, Texas Tech U Physics: Courses
• Phys 1403 Mechanics , Fluids, Waves & Sound Labs ( with readings pretests & exercises)
    º Unit 1 One-Dimensional Motion Graphing and Mathematical Modeling
• PHYS 1404 Electricity & Magnetism

The Book of PhyzUse It! by Dean Baird, AP Physics guides, jobs, labs, demos, question & problem sets

Boston U Physics: Undergraduate Physics LaboratoriesUse It! On-line Lab Manual and Pre-lab Assignments with simulations
• Graphical Analysis and Errors
• Angular Momentum: Lab, pre-Lab
• Collisions: Lab, pre-Lab
• Constant Acceleration: Lab, pre-Lab
• Energy Conservation: Lab, pre-Lab
• Energy and Work: Lab, pre-Lab
• Fluids Lab, pre-Lab
• Forces Between Carts: Lab , pre-Lab
• Friction: Lab, pre-Lab
• Heat, Mechanical Equivalent of: Lab, pre-Lab
• Heat, Specific: Lab, pre-Lab
• Projectile Motion: Lab, Pre-lab
• Simple Harmonic Motion Lab, pre-Lab
• Simple Harmonic Motion - PASCO: Lab, pre-Lab
• Torque and Moments of Inertia: Lab, pre-Lab

Brockport High School Science Department
• Physics Labs
• AP Physics Labs

California State U Northridge: Equipping the Laboratory
• Chapter 5 - Employing Scientific Methods
• Chapter 7 - Thinking Critically & Resolving Misconceptions
• Chapter 16 - Diagramming and Visualizing Problems in Science

California State U Northridge: Mr. Lyle's Canyon Physics
• Capacitor
    º Capacitance and Plate Separation
    º Capacitor Charge, Plate Separation, and Voltage
    º Dielectrics
• Circuits
    º Series and Parallel Circuits
    º Verification of Ohm’s Law
• Optical Bench
    º Finding focal lengths of lenses and mirrors
    º Refraction, Critical Angle, Total Internal Reflection, and Chromatic Aberration

Center for Nanoscale Systems: Institute for Physics Teachers, Links, Cornell U
• Labs & Lending Library (pdf's)
• Bohr Model Game
• Is the Light Bulb Too Good to be True?
• The Phantastic Photon
• Teacher's Guide Cosmic Rays and Cloud Chambers & Building a Cloud Chamber

Clemson U Physics Labs, Physics Instructional Laboratories
• 223 -- Calculus-based Thermodynamics and E & M 223 Physics Lab

Clemson U: Physics Astronomy Educational Physics Laboratories, Physics Labs Tutorials
• Excel Tutorials
• Online Stopwatch
• Hooke's Law and Simple Harmonic Motion
• On-line Laboratories
    º Acoustic Resonance
    º Calculation of pi experiment
    º How to use the vernier caliper

CollegeBoard.com: AP Central, Search AP Central: Physics
• AP Physics (pdf) general information
• Labs
    º AP Physics Lab GuideUse It! ($) Purchase (pdf)
    º Labs Criteria, Format, Ideas
    º Hooke's Law Lab
    º Position-Time Graph of a Pendulum
    º Projectile Motion

Columbia U Physics, Physics Lab Webpage
• Error Analysis TutorialUse It!
• Example Lab Report format
• Experiments in Physics Physics 1291, General Physics I Lab Manual
    º Uncertainty, error & best fit lines using pendulum, reaction time, forces, parallax, springs
    º Experiment 1-3 Velocity, Acceleration & g: constant velocity & constant acceleration with air-track, coefficient of restitution
    º Experiment 1-4 Geometrical Optics I: Introduction
    º Experiment 1-5 Geometrical Optics II: Thin Lenses
    º Experiment 1-6 Geometrical Optics III: Optical Instruments
    º Experiment 1-7 Conservation of Momentum with air trough & ballistic pendulum
    º Experiment 1-8 Projectile Motion and Conservation of Energy, estimating friction loss, general kinetic energy with rotation, parabolic trajectory
    º Experiment 1-9 Standing Waves
    º Experiment 1-10 Specific Heat and Mechanical Equivalent of Heat
• Experiments in Physics Physics 1493/1494/2699 calculus based

Compadre.org: Advanced Labs
• Forums
    º Classifieds
    º Equipment Wanted
• Lab Manuals browse or search
• Software
• Supplements articles, tutorials, links: General Physics

DenOfInquiry.com ($) lab activities books for introductory physics, Vol. 2 Uses Vernier sensors with Logger Pro or Fathom
• Hanging Slinky Lab
• Linearizing Data

Doane College Dept of Physics
• Download Flash-VidDat code for personal use
• Humanized Physics ProjectUse It! Lab Activities (Word documents)
    º Biomechanics and Human Motion
    º Human Senses and Interactions In Nature Hooke's Law
• Plucked String Video Clips
• Video Library

Eberly College, Physics 201B, Professor Carl A. Rotter
• Exploratories
    º Electrostatics Activities for Students

Exploratorium
• Snacks miniature low-cost classroom materials based on exploratorium exhibits

Free/Libre Open Source Science EducationUse It! alt - FloScience.com
• Clever Hacks
    º The physics of Christmas tree lights - don't buy light bulbs!
    º Hand Crank Generator build it for $9
• Electronic Bookshelf electronics course
• Probeware on a Budget sneaky uses for free software & cheap tech toys
    º Non-Contact Thermometer (Harbor Freight Tools $7-$10) possible labs or demos
    º Photogate Experiments
    º Sound Science

Front Range Community College
• Density and Archimedes Principle Physics 211 — Laboratory 9

Google Search
• make a capacitor site:*.edu
• make a voltaic pile site:*.edu
• moving-vane electroscope lab site:*.edu

Indiana U, Physics: Socratic Dialog-Inducing (SDI) Labs guided construction, hands-and-heads-on introductory mechanics experiments
• SDI Lab #0.1. Frames of Reference, Position, and Vectors
• SDI LAB #0.2. Introduction to Kinematics
• SDI LAB #1. Newton's First and Third Laws
• SDI #2 Pre-Lab Assignment Operational Definitions of Kinematic Terms
• SDI LAB #2. Newton's Second Law
• SDI LAB # 3. Circular Motion and Frictional Forces
• SDI LAB #4. Rotational Dynamics
• SDI LAB #5. Angular Momentum
• SDI LAB #6. Newton's Second Law Revisited
• SDI LAB #7: Newton's Laws Revisited

Instructables.com
• More Open Source Science:
    º Cheap, Easy Light Probe photogate
    º Determine the Acceleration due to Gravity

KineticBooks.com, Demo
• Virtual Labs

Lansignburgh Scouts
• How to Make a Quality Fire Piston 1/8 in brass nipple pipe, 1/8 brass cap, 1/4 Bolt 6 in long, 1/4 OD x 1/8 ID x 1/16 thick O rings, JB Weld
• Cut O Ring Groove in Bolt-Piston (video)
• Fire Cloth insertion & pressure stroke
• Making Char Cloth

Laserpablo.com by Paul Robinson physics teacher, author, baseball fan
• Teacher Resources Teacher SOS (PTSOS) workshops
• Videos

Makezine.com
• What a capacitor is and how to make one Video

Millersville U, Physics
• Experiment of the Month Archive

Molecular Expressions, Florida State U: Education
• For Students
    º Try Sci! science activities
• For Teachers
    º Emergent Labs

Mr. Stanbrough's Classes Physics & AP Physics at Batesville Community School Corporation
• Physics - Lab Safety Rules
• TI-89 “How To...” Index
• Your AP Physics Lab Book

NationalLabDay.org
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST.gov), Physics Laboratory

National Science Teachers Association (NSTA): The Science Teacher, NSTA Conncetions
• Constructing your digital thermometer ($10 materials) a step-by-step approach using an LM35DZ or LM35 (Kelvin) sensor and multimeter

NIST.gov, Physics
• Guidelines for Evaluating and Expressing the Uncertainty of NIST Measurement Results
• Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty
    º Essentials of expressing measurement uncertainty

North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics, Advanced Physics Labs
• Error Analysis (pdf)

PhET Interactive SimulationsUse It! virtual labs, About
• Source Code is at unfuddle Physics Education Technology, Subversion client required
• Teacher Ideas & Activities

Philip B. Allen, Stony Brook U
• Modern Physics PHY 251
• Modern Physics Lab, Error Analysis

Physics Education at U VirginiaUse It! 8th Grade Standards of Learning (SOL)
• Activities
    º Balloon Electroscope, Static Elecricity Background Information, Data Sheet
    º Conductor or Insulator?
    º Convex Lenses
    º Electrolysis of Water
    º Electromagnets, Data Sheet
    º Indirect Measurement: 1, 2
    º Introduction to Static Electricity, Student Activity Sheet
    º Investigating Magnetic Fields
    º The Magnetic Field
    º Neon Bulbs and Motion of Charge

ThePhysicsFront.orgUse It! online resource Directory for teaching physics, SiteMap
• Search for Laboratories choose from Conceptual, Algebra-based, AP, etc.

Physics Lab Online by Catharine H. Colwell: Labs
• APC Mechanics: Pendulum
• Circular/Oscillatory Motion
    º Kepler's Laws
    º Oscillating Springs
• Dynamics
    º Coefficient of Friction
    º Falling Coffee Filters terminal velocity
    º Hooke's Law
    º Inelastic Collision - Velocity of a Softball
    º Loop the Loop
• Introductory Mathematics
    º Circumference and Diameter with Error Analysis
    º Density of a Paper Clip
    º Home to School
    º Size of the Moon, Distance to the Moon
    º Size of the Sun Distance to the Sun
    º Earth's Circumference
• Kinematics
    º Bullseye Lab projectile
• Linear Momentum
    º Photoelectric Effect Analogy
• Rotary Motion
    º Moment of Inertia of a Bicycle Wheel

Radio, Electronics and Computing Projects by Hans SummersUse It!
• Homemade Components
    º Homemade batteries
    º Homemade Capacitors

Research in Physics Education Richard Hake, U Indiana Physics (pdf's)
• Curriculum Vitae with links
• Introduction to SDI Lab Teacher's Guides
• Socratic Dialog-Inducing (SDI) Labs
• Socratic Dialogue Inducing (SDI) Laboratory Workshop
• Some P201 Course Materials

PracticalPhysics.orgUse It! enabling physics teachers to share classroom experiments
• Forces & Motion
    º Introduction to forces, constant, moving force
    º Constant and varying forces between trucks

Physics Resources and Instructional Strategies for Motivating Students (PRISMS) guide with over 130 activities using easily obtainable, inexpensive materials can become the lab component to any physics program, student evaluation & testing program
• from U Northern Iowa
• How the Program Operates
• Resources & Teachers Guide

Dr. Robert W. Arts, Pikeville College
• Physics 223: Laboratory Assignments
    º The Atwood Machine & Newton's 2nd Law

Rice U, Documentation Sharing
• Elementary Physics Laboratory

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Experiment in Physics
• Appendix 8: The Articulation of Theory: Weak Interactions

StarDate.org U Texas, McDonald Observatory outreach, SiteMap
• Lesson Plans don't miss the Enrichment Activities
    º Build a Spectroscope
    º Mirror Mirror
    º Super Gelatin find the index of refraction

St. Lawrence U, Daniel W. Koon, Labs
• Open Ended LabUse It! ideas

St. Louis Area Physics Teachers (SLAPT)
• Teaching ResourcesUse It!
• Labs
    º Experimental Development of Quantitative Energy Expressions (pdf)
• Low-cost/build it yourself lab equipment & Labs
    º LED Photoelectric Effect Apparatus build it for $60-80
    º Motion Lab Equipment
• Newsletter Archives
    º Lenz's Law Demo & Electroscope
    º Lorentz ForceDemo by Semyon Volshteyn
    º Modeling Instruction in High School Physics, J. Mark Schober
    º A Primer on Soldering by Paul Discher
    º Problem-solving: The Interface Between Math and Physics, Tom Foster
    º Smoke Tank for Optical Demonstrations by Paul Discher

Texas A&M U, Center for Mathematics and Science Education (CMSE)
• Family Math & Science Night
• Low-Cost Physics ActivitiesUse It! (Word Docs only)

Thomas B. Jones Professor of Electrical Engineering
• Electrostatics Demonstrations
    º Electrophorus and Accessories
    º Simple Leaf Electroscope Accessories

Tommy Test Tubes science experiments in your home, Thomas J. Wdowiak, astrophysicist, U Alabama
• Building your own laboratory chromatography experiment
• Galvanometer build a real scientific instrument that measures electric current
• Magnetic motion build a linear electric motor
• Seeing infrared heat and light experiments
• Stick to it build a D-cell electromagnet
• Twisting the tale of light build a polariscope, polarized light

Triboelectric Generation: Getting Charged Ryne C. Allen

U California, Berkeley: Physics 111 Advanced Laboratory Wiki
• Error Analysis Exercise
• Error Analysis Notes

U Florida Physics
• Advanced Physics Lab PHY 4803L, Fall 2006: Chaos

U Maryland, Physics Education Research Group (PERG), International Commission on Physics Education
• Finding the Speed of Light with Marshmallows A Take-Home Lab

U Minnesota, Physics & Astronomy, Physics Education Research & Development
• Context Rich Problems
• Cooperative Group Problem Solving
    º Problem Solving Labs: Lab Manual DownloadsUse It! with Teacher's Guides

U Penn, Undergraduate Physics LabsUse It! Experiments
• Introduction to Measurement Part 1, Part 2
• The Thin Lens and the Telescope

U Toronto, Undergraduate Physics Students' Computing and Learning Environment (UPSCALE), HarrisonUse It!
• Error Analysis in Experimental Physical Science by Cliff Swartz or see pdf version & Assignment Form
• Reading a Vernier with simulation

Wildwood Survival, Wilderness Survival
• Fire

WildwoodSurvival.com, Wilderness Survival: Fire
• Fire from a Can of Coke and a Chocolate Bar
• Fire by "Cans" Part II
• Model T Fire Piston
• Fire Piston Video

Xannah.org Xannah Appled Science & Engineering
• DataPoint free (Windows) 2-d Video Frame-Grabbing & Video Motion Analysis Software for the classroom

YES Mag The Science Magazine for Adventurous Minds
• Projects you can do at Home
    º Home-Made Fire Extinguisher baking soda & vinegar to carbon dioxide
    º Lightning in a Pan
    º Paper Chromatography
    º Poppin' Rockets baking soda & vinegar, film
    º Stereo-Eo-Eo-Eo build a stereoscope
    º Hot and Cold Chemistry simple exothermic & endothermic reactions


^ PHYSICS

LASER

Rp-Photonics.com: Encyclopedia of Laser Physics and Technology
• Focul Length


^ PHYSICS
LEAST ACTION

Wikipedia
    º Category:Principles
• Action (physics)
•z Fermat, Pierre de (1601 or 1607/8-1665)
    º Fermat's principle
• Functional (mathematics)
• Maupertuis, Pierre Louis (1698-1759)
    º Maupertuis' principle
• Principle of least action
• Variational principle

Wikisource
• Accord between different laws of Nature that seemed incompatible by Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis


^ PHYSICS
LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS

Wikipedia
    º History of superconductivity
    º Timeline of low-temperature technology
• Liquefaction of gases


^ PHYSICS
MECHANICS

Wikipedia
    º Category:Classical mechanics
    º History of classical mechanics
    º List of equations in classical mechanics
    º Motion graphs and derivatives
• Analytical dynamics
• Bucket argument
• Circular motion
• Classical mechanics
• Coriolis effect
• D'Alembert's principle
• Euler's laws of motion
• Friction
• Galilean invariance
• Gravitational two-body problem
• History of classical mechanics
• Inelastic collision
• Inertia
• Inertial frame of reference
• Kinematic diagram
• Mass
• Mechanical similarity
• Modified Newtonian dynamics
• Mohr's circle
• N-body problem
• Newtonian dynamics
• Newton's laws of motion
• Principle of least action
• Reaction (physics)
• Rotary inertia
• Simple harmonic motion
• Stress (mechanics)
• Theory of impetus
• Two-body problem
• Virtual displacement
• Virtual work


^ PHYSICS
MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS)
also see.. NanoTechnology

AllAboutMEMS.com, About
• Reference Library bibliographic sites, articles, references & books


^ PHYSICS
MODELING (EDUCATION)
also see.. Education

American Modeling Teachers Association
• Resource Room

Arizona State U, Modeling Instruction Program, LinksUse It!
• Action Research, Resources, Equipment for the Modeling Classroom (pdf's)
    º Effects of Developing Kinematics Concepts Graphically Prior to Introducing Algebraic Problem Solving Techniques
    º Experimental Design and Graphical Analysis of Data
    º Graphs as a Problem-Solving Tool
    º Rounding Up Students' Conceptions on Circular Motion
• Cognitive Instruction in Mathematical Modeling (CIMM)
• Critical Role for Physicists in K-12 Science Education Reform
• Modeling Instruction in High School Physics, Chemistry, Physical Science, and Biology
    º Lab Practicums, Order Form, Mounds View High School, 1900 W. County Road F, New Brighton, MN 55112; ph: (612) 633-4031 (612) 633-4031
• Malcolm Wells (Quicktime Movie) originator of Modeling Instruction
• Mechanics curriculum Index
    º Intro stuff: Lab Scoresheet, Lab Write-up Checklist, Writing the Physics Lab Report,
    º Modeling Instruction Program Participant Courseware
• Modeling Cycle
• Modeling Instruction: the jazz approach to high school physics by Dave Braunschweig
• Modeling Methodology for Physics Teachers David Hestenes' seminal pape
• Preconceptions in Mechanics: Lessons Dealing with Students' Conceptual Difficulties ($) book by Charles Camp, John Clement...

dabih.org Classromm site
John Burroughs School, Science: ModelingPhysics.org by Mark Schober
• Information for Teachers on Modeling Instruction
• Modeling Instruction In High School Physics (2)
• for Teachers Directory of files and documents

National Science Teachers Association: Store
• Exemplary Science in Grades 9-12: Standards-Based Success Stories, Editor: Robert E. Yager

Rutgers Physics and Astronomy Education Research Group modelling: “cognitive apprenticeship” learning processes of science rather than results...
• observing, modelling & doing; acquiring skills in “hypothetico-deductive reasoning”
• Physics Teaching Technology ResourceUse It! (Video Experiments)
• Scientific Abilities
    º Articles
    º Design Experiments LabsUse It! (Algebra based) includes Estimating experimental uncertainty
    º Formative Assessment Tasks
    º Kits: Mechanics
    º Modeling Tasks: Mechanics
    º Rubrics
    º Scientific abilities/assessment


^ MUSIC
MUSIC & NOISE
also see.. §MUSIC & SOUND PERCEPTION§, WAVES
ChuaSoundMusic Chua's Oscillator: Applications of Chaos to Sound & Music
MIT Media Lab
Wikipedia
    º Category:Noise
    º List of noise topics
• Noise (audio)
• Pattern recognition
    º Fractal
    º Normal distribution
    º Log-normal distribution
• Pink noise


^ PHYSICS
MUTUAL SYNCHRONIZATION OF COUPLED OSCILLATORS

Georgia Tech, Research News:
• Out of Time: Researchers recreate 1665 clock experiment to gain insights into modern synchronized oscillators

International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE), OE Magazine
• Hyugens's clocks mystery revisited

Predicting Life's Subtle Rhythms from the Georgia Tech Alumni Association Magazine, Spr 97
The Royal Society, Publications - The mystery of Huygens' clocks explained
Science News - Staying in Step

U Minnesota, Institute for Mathematics and its Applications (IMA)
• Emerging Applications of Dyanamical Systems, Pattern Formation in Continuous and Coupled Systems
    º Josephson Arrays: Puzzles and Prospects


^ PHYSICS
NEWS, JOURNALS, ARTICLES
also see.. §Science & Technology News§

“The Alternate View” columns of John G. Cramer
American Institute of Physics (AIP) SiteMap
• News ( Graphics, Links, Update )
• Physics News Update

American Institute of Physics: Scitation
• The Physics Teacher journal
• American Journal of Physics

American Journal of Physics

American Physical Society: Journals
• Physical Review Letters

Astronomy Picture of the Day NASA's

Directory of Open Access JournalsUse It!
• Mathematics and Statistics
• Physics and Astronomy
• Science General

JSTOR scholarship & teaching archive; access from thousands of libraries & institutions

MathPages.com: Physics

MIT's The Tech online
• PFC results said to deal blow to fusion claims by David P. Hamilton

Physical Sciences Resource Center, Sitemap
• Physlrnr - Physics Learning Research List Archive

The Physics Teacher journal
PhysicsWorld.com
PhysOrg.com: Physics News

PhysicsToday.org publication of The American Institute of Physics, About, FAQ
• Career Centers

Science Daily research results from US universities
arXiv.org Open Access to e-prints in physics, mathematics, computer science, quantitative biology, quantitative finance & statistics

NEWSGROUPS
^ PHYSICS
PHASE DIAGRAMS
also see.. §Thermodynamics§

Davidson College Chemistry Resources: Virtual Chemistry ExperimentsUse It! David N. Blauch, Downloads
• Phase Changes
    º Heating Curve
    º Vapor Pressure
    º Phase Diagrams: Part 1 Introduction
    º Phase Diagrams: Part 2 Phase Transitions
    º Phase Diagram: Part 3 Phase Transitions caused by a Change in Pressure
    º Phase Diagram: Part 4 Triple Point
    º Phase Changes Phase Diagram: Part 5 Critical Point
    º Phase Diagram Concepts

Purdue u Dept Chemistry: Visualization and Problem Solving for General Chemistry
• States of Matter
• What Is a Liquid?
    º Critical Temperature and Pressure
    º Phase Diagrams

U Southampton: Phase Diagrams for alloys tutorial & lever-rule calculation with self-test questions, Glossary
• Introduction

Wikipedia
• Phase diagram
• Enthalpy of fusion (heat of fusion, melting/solidification)
• Phase (matter) (see enthalpy, state of matter)
• Boiling point
• Condensation, Condenser (heat transfer)
• Critical point (thermodynamics), Supercritical fluid
• Enthalpy: Enthalpy of fusion (heat of fusion), Enthalpy of vaporization (heat of vaporization or evaporation)
• Liquidus
• Melting point
• Phase diagram
• Phase space
• Phase transition
• Solidus (chemistry)
• Supercooling
• Triple point


^ PHYSICS
LAY PHYSICS, PHILOSOPHY, POPULARIZERS
also see.. Books, §HISTORY of Science§, §PHILOSOPHY§

Bety Devine's Blog wife of Frank Wilczek

Edge.org, About,
• Search
• Devine, Betsy wife of Frank Wilczek
• Krauss, Lawrence M.
    º The Energy of Empty Space that isn't Zero
    º How do you Fed-Ex the Pope?
• Wilczek, Frank

FrankWilczek.com
• Press kit, contact information, resources


^ PHYSICS
PHYSICAL QUANTITIES

Wikipedia
• Category:Physical quantities


^ PHYSICS
PLASMA

Coalition for Plasma Science
• Educational Material
• Teacher'S Guide to Plasma Science Resources

FusEdWeb Fusion Energy Education
• PlasmasUse It! the Fourth State of Matter

IPPEX Online the Interactive Plasma Physics Education Experience
• Ask a Physicist
• Fusion, Glossary of Fusion Terms
• Interactive Shockwave Physics
• Virtual Magnetic Stability Module
• Virtual Tokamak

Plasma on the Internet Web Portal

Plasma Science and Technology
• Basics
• Exhibition
• Resources & Worldwide Links

Wikipedia
• Alfven, Hannes
• Aurora (astronomy)
• Electric arc
• Fire
• Geomagnetic storm
• Magnetohydrodynamics
• Plasma (physics)
• Plasma modeling
• Plasma oscillation
    º Plasmon
• Plasma parameters
• St. Elmo's fire
• Solar wind
• Van Allen radiation belt


^ PHYSICS
PORTRAITS

Images of Physicists from Harry N. Nelson

^ PHYSICS
PROBLEM SOLVING

Electronic Universe Dr. DarkMatter's
Physics Courses
    º Physics problems

Solving Problems in Physics by Daniel F. Styer, Oberlin College

^ PHYSICS
QUANTUM GRAVITY
also see.. Quantum Physics, String Theory

arXiv
• Ashtekar, Abhay
• Bekenstein, Jacob
• Penrose, Roger
• Smolin, Lee
• Unruh, William G.

Books
• Milo Wolff
    º Exploring the Physics of the Unknown Universe: An Adventurer's Guide
    º Schroedinger's Universe And The Origin Of The Natural Laws

Kansas State U, Visual Quantum Mechanics project, explorations of the quantum world for non-science students
• Simulations

SpaceAndMotion.comUse It! Philosophy Note: use extreme right slider (there are 2 on the right, 3 total) to view the main page
• Solving Nature's Mystery Milo Wolff
    º On the Spherical Wave Structure of Matter and the Origin of the Natural Laws.
    º Explaining the Particle Wave Duality of Light and Matter with the Wave Structure of Matter (WSM)

Wikipedia
• Ashtekar, Abhay
• Bekenstein, Jacob
• Hawking, Stephen
• Penrose, Roger
• Smolin, Lee
• Susskind, Leonard (1940)
• Unruh, Bill
• Eugene Wigner (1902-1995)
    º Wigner's friend)
• Zeilinger, Anton

Wikipedia
• Graviton
• Holographic principle
• Loop quantum gravity
• Quantum gravity
• String theory
• Wigner's friend


^ PHYSICS
QUANTUM PHYSICS
also see.. §CHEMISTRY§, Feynman, §Light & Optics§, §Physical CHEMISTRY§,
Quantum Gravity, Particle Physics, Spectroscopy, Twistor Theory

CaltechBOOKUse It! Physics
• Lectures on Quantum Physics and Applications online Book, Paul E. Dimotakis (1980)

E.F. Schubert, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Electrical, Computer & Systems Engineering
• Physical foundations ECSE-6960

Absorption and Emission of Radiation by an Atom Demo: Interactive Physics and Math with Java
Atomic Structure and Radioactivity
Basics of Quantum Mechanics: U California, San Diego
A Brief Review of Elementary Quantum Chemistry C. David Sherrill: U Georgia
Classical, Quantum, Nanoscale & Statistical Mechanics & Thermodynamics Educational Sites Links

Dr Quantum at YouTube Videos
• Double Slit Experiment
• Entanglement
• Flatland

Edwin F. Taylor author of texts in introductory mechanics, quantum mechanics, special & general relativity
• Article Downloads: Quantum
    º Feynman Diagrams

E.F. Schubert, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Electrical, Computer & Systems Engineering
• Physical foundations ECSE-6960 online book

FredAlanWolf.com
• Articles, Interviews, Papers
• Ask Dr. Quantum
• Audio Courses ($) Dr. Quantum
• Books
• Fred Alan Wolf Blog at Blogspot.com

Fundamental Theory Notes Config Interaction, Coupled-Cluster, Hartree-Fock, Integral Calc's, Relativity

Google Books (quantum books for the general reader)
• Krauss, Lawrence Maxwell
    º Hiding in the Mirror: The Quest for Alternate Realities, from Plato to String Theory
• Von Baeyer, Hans Christian
    º Taming the Atom
• Wilczek, Frank
    º Lightness of Being
    º Longing for the Harmonies: Themes and Variations from Modern Physics
• Wolf, Fred Alan
    º Taking the quantum leap: the new physics for nonscientists

Hands-on Atom: SciTech Interactive Science Center

Henry Foundation, Inc. improved worldwide understanding of physics at Johns Hopkins U
• Henry, Richard Conn Professor: Publications
    º The mental Universe The only reality is mind and observations, but observations are not of things.

History and Foundations of Quantum Physics
• Publications
• Talks at the HQ-1 Conference

A history of Quantum Mechanics: University of St Andrews

HyperPhysicsUse It! C.R. Nave, Georgia State U, including online calculators
• Quantum Physics

Java Applets for quantum mechanics Manuel Joffre, France
Lecture Topics: The Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry
Mark's Quantum Mechanics Applets by Mark Sutherland
Millikan Drop Experiment slideshow: Lee Burnett & Mike Lee

MIT Open Courseware: All Courses Index - PhysicsUse It!
• Introduction to Modeling and Simulation: Video Lectures from Part II: Quantum Mechanical Methods by Jeffrey C. Grossman

Modern and Contemporary Physics, U.C. Berkeley Physics Lecture Demonstrations
Molecular Modeling & Molecular Mechanics classical & quantum mechanics, slides, Links

NanoHubUse It! created by the NSF-funded Network for Computational Nanotechnology: Teach & Learn
• Courses
    º AQME Advancing Quantum Mechanics for Engineers
• nanoHUB-U transcending disciplines, short, accessible science & engineering courses
• Resources: Tools
• Simulate modeling & simulation online tools

Nature: Milestones
• Spin & Spin Timeline

NewDualism.org
• The Mental Universe by Richard Conn Henry, the only reality is mind and observations

NIH Guide to Molecular Modeling: Center for Molecular Modeling, US NIH

Orbitals.com
• Grand Orbital Table

PearsonHigherEd.com, publisher
• Physlet Quantum Physics: ($) An Interactive Introduction, CDROM & Paperback by Mario Belloni, Wolfgang Christian, Anne Cox

PhET simulations @ U Colorado
• Quantum Phenomena
    º Photoelectric Effect

Princeton University Press (books)
• QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter (Alix G. Mautner Memorial Lectures) by Richard Phillips Feynman
    º Chapter 1

quanten-atomphysik Links: U Würzburg, Germany
Quantum Physics Online presentation utilizing Applets
Physics 2000 ( Applets) interactive journey through modern physics: U Colorado, Boulder
Schrödinger Wave Equation Simulation applet, numerical solution, simulation: Boston U Physics

Stanford U: QwikiUse It! quantum physics wiki

The Strange World of Quantum Mechanics by Daniel F. Styer, Oberlin College

Todd Stedl, U Washington, Chemistry, Theoretical Groups
• Intro to Quantum Mechanics

Visual Quantum MechanicsUse It! Shockwave Programs, NSF funded

Quantum Physics I: U Wisconsin-Milwaukee online course
Wave Particle Duality Queen Mary, U London, UK

What The Bleep do We Know? documentary film
• DVD with trailers
• Down the Rabbit Hole extended 15 hr version

What is Quantum Physics? - Jim's Homepage & Interactive Physics

Wikipedia (People)
• A. E. Becquerel (1820-1891)
    º Photoelectric effect
• Bell, John Stewart (1928-1990)
    º Bell's theorem
• Bohm, David (1917-1992)
    º Aharonov-Bohm effect
    º De Broglie–Bohm theory causal interpretation of quantum mechanics
    º Hidden variable theory
    º Implicate and explicate order according to David Bohm
    º Science, Order, and Creativity
    º Wholeness and the Implicate Order
• Bohr, Niels (1885-1962)
    º Bohr model
    º Copenhagen interpretation
• Boltzmann, Ludwig (1844-1906)
    º Boltzmann distribution
    º Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution
    º Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics
• Born, Max (1882-1970) see matrix mechanics
• Bose, Satyendra Nath (1894-1974)
    º Bose-Einstein condensate
    º Bose-Einstein statistics
    º Boson
• Capra, Fritjof (1939)
    º The Tao of Physics
• Compton, Arthur (1892-1962) see scattering
    º Compton scattering
    º Compton wavelength
• Crookes, William (1832-1919)
    º Cathode ray (electrons)
    º Crookes radiometer
    º Crookes tube
    º Plasma (physics)
    º Vacuum tube
• de Broglie, Louis (1832-1919)
    º particle wavelength is inversely proportional to its momentum & frequency is proportional to its kinetic energy
    º De Broglie-Bohm theory
    º Matter wave (de Broglie wave/hypothesis)
    º Wave-particle duality
• Dirac, Paul (1832-1919)
    º Dirac equation
    º Fermi-Dirac statistics
• Dyson, Freeman (1923)
• Einstein, Albert (1879-1955)
    º EPR paradox (Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen)
    º Photoelectric effect
• Everett, Hugh III (1930-1982)
    º Many worlds interpretation
    º Universal Wavefunction
• Fermat, Pierre de (1601 or 1607-1665)
    º Fermat's principle
• Fermi, Enrico (1832-1919) see Fermion
    º Fermi-Dirac statistics
    º Fermi gas Fermion
• Feynman, Richard (1918-1988)
    º Feynman Lectures on Physics
    º One-electron universe
• Hamilton, William Rowan (1805-1865)
    º Hamiltonian mechanics
    º Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics)
• Heisenberg, Werner (1901-1976) see matrix mechanics
    º Uncertainty principle
• Hero of Alexandria (c.10–70 AD) light travels shortest length & least time
• Hertz, Heinrich observed photoelectric effect
• Huygens, Christiaan (1629-1695)
    º Huygens-Fresnel principle
• Jeans, James Hopwood (1877-1946)
    º Rayleigh-Jeans law
• Jordan, Pascual (1902-1980) see matrix mechanics
• Kirchhoff, Gustav (1824-1887)
    º Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation
• Lamb, Willis (1901-1976)
    º Lamb shift
• Maupertuis, Pierre Louis (1698-1759)
    º Maupertuis' principle
    º Principle of least action
• Maxwell, James Clerk (1831-1879)
    º Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution
    º Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics
    º Maxwell speed distribution
• Henry Moseley (1887-1915)
    º Moseley's law
• Emmy Noether (1882-1935)
    º Noether's theorem derived conserved quantities from symmetries
• Pauli, Wolfgang (1879-1955)
    º Pauli exclusion principle
• Penrose, Roger (1931)
    º The Emperor's New Mind
    º The Road to Reality
    º Shadows of the Mind
• Planck, Max (1879-1955)
    º Planck constant
    º Planck postulate
    º Planck's law
• Rayleigh, 3rd Baron or John William Strutt (1842-1919)
    º Rayleigh-Jeans law
• Rydberg, Johannes (1854-1919)
    º Rydberg constant
    º Rydberg formula
    º Rydberg-Ritz combination principle
• Russell, John Scott (1808-1882) first to observe and reproduce a solitary wave
    º Soliton or wave of translation
• Schrodinger, Erwin (1887-1961)
    º Schrodinger equation
    º Schrodinger picture
    º Schrodinger's cat
• Sommerfeld, Arnold (1868-1951) introduced the fine-structure constant into quantum mechanics
    º Fine-structure constant
• Thomson, J. J. isotopes & electron discovery, invented mass spectrometer
• Wien, Wilhelm (1864-1928)
    º Wien approximation
    º Wien's displacement law
• Eugene Wigner (1902-1995)
    º Wigner's friend extension of Schrödinger's cat, quantum mind/body problem
• Wolf, Fred Alan (Dr. Quantum or Captain Quantum) science educator & popularizer
• Young, Thomas (scientist) (1773-1829)
    º Young's interference experiment
• Zeeman, Pieter (1865-1943)
    º Zeeman effect
• Zeno of Elea (ca.490–ca.430 BC)
    º Zeno's paradoxes

Wikipedia
    º Basic concepts of quantum mechanics
    º Category:Foundational quantum physics
    º History of molecular theory
    º History of the periodic table
    º History of quantum field theory
    º History of quantum mechanics
    º Introduction to quantum mechanics
    º List of dualities
    º List of quantum chemistry and solid-state physics software
• Antimatter
    º Antiparticle
    º Positron (antiparticle of the electron)
• Atom
    º Atomic nucleus
    º Electron, Fermi gas
• Black body
• Bose-Einstein condensate
• Bose-Einstein statistics
• Boson
    º Gauge boson
    º W and Z bosons
• Bra-ket notation
• Cathode ray (electrons)
• Complementarity (physics)
• Compton scattering
• Compton wavelength
• Conduction band
• Conjugate variables
• Copenhagen interpretation
• Correspondence principle quantum mechanical systems behavior reproduces classical physics in the limit of large quantum numbers
• Cosmic ray
• Crookes radiometer
• Crookes tube
• Davisson–Germer experiment
• De Broglie-Bohm theory causal interpretation of quantum mechanics
• Delocalized electron
• Determinism
• Dirac equation
• Double-slit experiment
• Duality (mathematics)
    º Wave-particle duality
• Electromagnetic wave equation
• Electron excitation
• Energy
    º Energy level
• EPR paradox (Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen)
• Fermi-Dirac statistics
• Evanescent wave
• Fermi-Dirac statistics
• Fermi gas
• Fermion
• Feynman Lectures on Physics
• Field electron emission
• Fine-structure constant
• Force carrier
• Fundamental interactions (4)
    º Electromagnetism
    º Gravitation, Graviton
    º Strong interaction
    º Weak interaction
• Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics)
• Hidden variable theory
• Hyperfine structure
• Implicate and explicate order according to David Bohm
• Incompleteness of quantum physics
• Indeterminism
• Interpretations of quantum mechanics
• Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation
• Lamb shift
• Lepton
    º Electron
    º Electron neutrino
    º Muon
    º Muon neutrino
    º Tauon
    º Tauon neutrino
• Many worlds interpretation
• Mass
    º Invariant mass (rest mass)
• Mass-energy equivalence
• Mass spectrometer
• Matter wave (de Broglie wave/hypothesis)
• Matrix mechanicsUse It! 1925 quantum formulation by Heisenberg, Born & Jordan interprets particle properties as evolving matrices; equivalent to Schrodinger equation
• Matter
• Matter wave (de Broglie wave)
• Moseley's law
• Noether's theorem derived conserved quantities from symmetries
• Nuclear physics
• Old quantum theory 1900–1925
    º Bohr model
• One-electron universe
• Particle accelerator
    º List of accelerators in particle physics
• Particle physics (High energy physics), List of particles, Standard Model, Subatomic particle, Timeline of particle discoveries
    º Antimatter
    º Baryon
    º Beta particle
    º Boson (see Boson) W and Z bosons
    º Electron
    º Elementary particle
    º Fermion (see Fermion)
    º Force carrier
    º Gauge boson
    º Hadron particle made of quarks held together by the strong force
    º Lepton (see Lepton)
    º Meson
    º Neutrino
    º Neutron
    º Nucleon
    º Particle decay
    º Pion (pi meson)
    º Point particle
    º Positron (antiparticle of the electron)
    º Proton
    º Quark (see Quark)
    º Spin (physics)
    º Strong interaction (Strong force)
    º Weak interaction (Weak force)
• Pauli exclusion principle
• Perturbation theory (quantum mechanics)
• Photoelectric effect
    º Work function
• Photon (light quantum)
• Physical paradox
• Planck constant
• Planck postulate
• Planck's law
• Principle of least action
    º Maupertuis' principle
• Principle of locality
• Quantization (physics)
• Quantum
• Quantum chemistry
    º Relativistic quantum chemistry
• Quantum chromodynamics
• Quantum computer
• Quantum computer
• Quantum electrodynamics
    º Gauge boson
    º Gauge theory
• Quantum entanglement
• Quantum field theory
    º Annihilation
    º Electron-positron annihilation
• Quantum information science
• Quantum mechanics
    º Basic concepts of quantum mechanics
    º Copenhagen interpretation
    º Introduction to quantum mechanics
    º Interpretation of quantum mechanics
• Quantum mind-body problem
• Quantum mysticism
• Quantum number
• Quantum state
• Quantum superposition
• Quantum teleportation
• Quantum tunnelling
• Quark
    º Bottom quark
    º Charm quark
    º Color confinement
    º Down quark
    º Flavour (particle physics)
    º Strange quark
    º Top quark
    º Up quark
• Radiation pressure
• Radioactive decay
    º Beta decay, Beta particle
• Rayleigh-Jeans law
• Renormalization techniques for eliminating undesireable infinite values
• Scattering
    º Compton scattering
    º Scattering theory
• Schrodinger equation
• Schrodinger picture
• Schrodinger's cat
• Schrodinger's cat in popular culture
• Semiclassical physics
• Software (Schrodinger equation solvers)
    º ABINIT solids
    º GAMESS (US) molecules
    º NWChem molecules
    º PWscf solids
    º SIESTA (computer program) solids
• Soliton
• Spectroscopy
• Spin-1/2
• Spin (physics)
• Standard Model (see Particle physics)
• Statistical mechanics
• Statistics
    º Bose-Einstein statistics
    º Fermi-Dirac statistics
• Stimulated emission
• String theory
• Strong interaction (Strong force)
    º Gluon
• Subatomic particleUse It!
• Superposition principle
• Symplectic vector space
• Transformation theory (quantum mechanics)
• Ultraviolet catastrophe
• Ultraviolet divergence
• Uncertainty principle (Principle of Indeterminism)
• Universal Wavefunction
• Vacuum tube
• Wave function
    º Klein-Gordon equation
• Wave-particle duality
• Weak interaction (Weak force)
    º W and Z bosons

YouTube.com
• Muon Ray
    º Quantum Entanglement Documentary - Atomic Physics and Reality


^ PHYSICS
RADIO WAVES
also see.. Waves

Wikipedia
• Antenna tuner
• Amateur radio
• AM broadcasting
• Amplitude, Amplitude modulation (AM)
• Antenna (radio)
• Bandwidth (signal processing)
• Branly, Edouard
• Carrier wave
• Cat's-whisker detector
• Center frequency
• Coherer
• Clockwork radio
• Crystal oscillator
• Crystal radio
• Diode
• Electric field
• Electrical telegraph
• Electromagnetic radiation, Electromagnetic spectrum
• Electromagnetic wave equation
• Electronic amplifier
• Fessenden, Reginald
• Frequency, Frequency allocation, Frequency modulation, Frequency range
• FM broadcasting, FM broadcast band
• Heinrich Hertz
• High fidelity
• Inductor
• Lodge, Oliver Joseph
• Loudspeaker
• Magnetic field
• Marconi, Guglielmo
• Maxwell, James Clerk, Maxwell's equations, A dynamical theory of the electromagnetic field
• Modulation, Demodulation, Single-sideband modulation
• Muirhead, Alexander
• Oscillation
• Phase modulation
• Radar
• Radio, Radio broadcasting, Radio frequency, Radio modem, Radio spectrum, Radio waves, Radio propagation, Two-way radio
• Receiver (radio)
• Rectifier
• RF connector
• Period versus frequency
• Resonance, Resonator
• Sine wave
• Spark-gap transmitter
• Telecommunication
• Telegraphy, Wireless telegraphy
• Tesla, Nikola, Wardenclyffe Tower
• Transmission coefficient
• Tuner, Electronic tuner, Tuner (electronics), Tuner (radio), Tuner (television)
• Ultra high frequency (UHF), Very high frequency (VHF)
• War of Currents
• Wave, Continuous wave, Longitudinal wave, Transverse wave, Wave equation, Waveform, Wavelength, Wave propagation, Wave velocity
• Wireless
• Wireless energy transfer


^ PHYSICS
RADIOACTIVITY
Atomic Structure and Radioactivity

^ PHYSICS
RELATIVITY
also see.. Cosmology, §Geometry§, §History of Science§, §Tensors§, §TIME§, Twistor Theory, Varying c

Albert Einstein and the Theory of Relativity Use It!

American Institute of Physics, Center for History of Physics: Einstein - Image and Impact
• How Did Einstein Discover Relativity? by John Stachel

Andrew Hamilton's, Special Relativity ( Glossary )
• Fitzgerald-Lorentz Contraction

Archive.org, Audio
    º Search Relativity
    º Search William Kingdon Clifford
• The Concept of Nature Alfred North Whitehead, 1919
• Einstein and His Miraculous Year (Groks Science Show) Charles Lee & Frank Ling
• Einstein's Relativity Scott V. Burger
• Field equations in teleparallel spacetime: Einstein’s Fernparallelismus approach towards unified field theory, Tilman Sauer
• Hilbert's 'World Equations' and His Vision of a Unified Science Ulrich Majer, Tilman Sauer
• Relativity: The Special and General Theory Albert Einstein
• Science and Hypothesis Henri Poincare
• Some Turns of Thought in Modern Philosophy Santayana, George (see Revolutions in Science)

Archive.org Public Domain BooksUse It! Search Relativity
• Einstein's theory of relativity Max Born, 1922 ( pdf)
• A history of the theories of aether and electricity: from the age of Descartes to the close of the nineteenth century, Whittaker, E. T. (1910)
• The principle of relativity with applications to physical science Alfred North Whitehead, 1922 ( pdf )
• The mathematical theory of relativity Eddington, Arthur Stanley (1923) ( pdf)
• The reign of relativity Richard Burdon Haldane, 1922 ( pdf)

arXiv.org
• Albert Einstein's 1916 Review Article on General Relativity Tilman Sauer
• Geometrodynamics: Spacetime or Space? development of the notion of geometrodynamics, E. Anderson
• Lecture Notes on General Relativity Sean M. Carroll, one semester for beginning graduate students

Autotheist's Corner - Bondi K-Calculus derive effects of special relativity using basic mathematics

Cambridge Relativity

C.a.R. - Version for Java (free source, GNU Lic.) compass & ruler construction software by R. Grothmann
• Installation & Download
• Demo Applets - see Poincaré GeometryUse It!

ClassicalMatter.orgUse It! Dr. Robert A. Close

The Cosmological Constant evolution, Links, references, relativity: by Eli Michael, U Colorado, Boulder

Cyberia from U Illinois
• Science for the Millennium, Movie Index
    º Spacetime Wrinkles onlnine exhibition

DavidBodanis.com, author of E = mc2: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation
Relativity (old site) :
• 1 - Light Cones or the Past and the Future
• 2 - Einstein's Contraction Factor
• 3 - Merging Space and Time
• 4 - Derive E=mc2 using only High School Math
• 5 - Einstein and Du Chatelet

David N. Jamieson, U Melbourne, Physics: 640-245 Electromagnetism and Special Relativity
• The Twin Phenomenon
• Why do Magnetic Forces Depend on Who Measures Them?

Dr. Patrick Moylan - Physics
• Online Books Links
• Relativity

Einstein Archives Online original documents with a few English translations
• Database
• Digitized Manuscripts for English Translation click DBinfo icon
    º Folder 1-1(a)
• Finding Aid & Biographical Timelline

Einstein Light award-winning introduction, non-technical multimedia modules with & without math, U New South Wales, Physics

Einstein Papers Project (no documents online)

European Association for Astronomy Education (EAAE)
• EAAE - IAU Summer Schools network for teachers interested in Astronomy: Astronomical WorkshopsUse It! Contents
    º Roemer and the Velocity of Light

Fermilab Ecucation Office
• Physics 212 Electricity & Magnetism
    º Special Relativity
• Topics of Interest
• Web-based Instructional Materials

Foundations by Greg Egan, Index, Links, SiteMap
• Special Relativity
• From Special to General

Fourmilab Switzerland, Sitemap see Physics
• Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon its Energy-Content? A. Einstein Sep 27, 1905
• On the Electrodynamics of Moving BodiesUse It! ( pdf )by A. Einstein, June 30, 1905
• Interactive Experiments in Gravity

GAP - Groups, Algorithms, Programming - a System for Computational Discrete Algebra
• History Topics: Mathematical Physics Index
    º Special relativity

Google Books: subject:“Relativity (Physics)” Public Domain onlyUse It!
• Brose, Henry Leopold & Freundlich, Erwin
    º The Foundations of Einstein's Theory of Gravitation 1922
    º The Foundation of Einstein's Theory of Gravitation 1922
• Carr, Herbert Wildon
    º The General Principle of Relativity in its Philosophical and Historical Aspect 1920
• Carmichael, Robert Daniel
    º The Theory of Relativity 1920
• Carus, Paul & Bradley, James
    º The Principle of Relativity in the Light of the Philosophy of Science 1913
• Clifford, William Kingdon
    º The Common Sense of the Exact Sciences 1907 see On the Bending of Space, p. 214
• Conway, Arthur William
    º Relativity 1915
• Cunningham, Ebenezer
    º Relativity and the Electron Theory 1915
    º Relativity, the Electron Theory, and Gravitation 1921
• Dalton, John Patrick
    º The Rudiments of Relativity 1921
• Dingle, Herbert
    º Relativity for All 1922
• Eddington, Sir Arthur Stanley
    º Space, time and gravitation: an Outline of the General Relativity Theory 1921
    º Stellar Movements and the Structure of the Universe 1914
• Einstein, Albert
    º Relativity: the special and general theory Albert Einstein, 1921
    º Relativity: the special and general theory 1920 with Lawson, Robert W.
    º Einstein's Theories of Relativity and Gravitation: a selection of material... 1921
• Haldane, Richard Burdon (1st Viscount Haldane)
• The Reign of Relativity 1922
• Harrow, Benjamin
    º From Newton to Einstein: changing conceptions of the universe 1920
• Hickson, Gerrard
    º Kings dethroned: a history of the evolution of astronomy 1922
• Hinton, Charles Howard
    º An Episode of Flatland: or How a Plane Folk Discovered the Third Dimension; to Which is Added an Outline of the History of Unaea 1907
    º The Fourth Dimension 1906
    º A New Era of Thought 1888
• Hudgings, William Franklyn
    º Introduction to Einstein and Universal Relativity 1922
• Isaacson, Walter
    º Einstein: His Life And Universe
• Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon
    º The Einstein Theory of Relativity: a Concise Statement
    º The Theory of Electrons and its Applications to the Phenomena of Light and Radiant Heat
• Manning, Henry Parker
    º The Fourth Dimension Simply Explained: a Collection of Essays Selected from those Submitted in the Scientific American's Prize Competition 1910
• Masius, Morton & Rougier, Louis Auguste Paul
    º Philosophy and the New Physics: an Essay on the Relativity Theory and the... 1921
    º The theory of heat radiation with Planck, Max
• McAdam, Dunlap Jamison
    º Einstein's relativity: a criticism 1922
• Murnaghan, Francis Dominic
    º Vector analysis and the theory of relativity
• Robb, Alfred Arthur
    º Optical Geometry of Motion: a New View of the Theory of Relativity, 1911
• Sampson, Ralph Allen
    º On Gravitation and Relativity 1920
• Schlick, Moritz
    º Space and Time in Contemporary Physics: an Introduction to the Theory of Relativity and Gravitation 1920
• Schmidt, Harry & Wichmann, Karl
    º Relativity and the Universe: a Popular Introduction into Einstein's Theory... 1922
• Silberstein, Ludwik
    º Elements of the electromagnetic theory of light 1918
    º Elements of vector algebra 1919
    º Projective vector algebra 1919
    º Report on the quantum theory of spectra 1920
    º The Theory of General Relativity and Gravitation 1921
    º The Theory of General Relativity and Gravitation 1922
    º The Theory of Relativity 1914
    º Vectorial mechanics 1913
• Slosson, Edwin Emery
    º Easy Lessons in Einstein: a Discussion of the More Intelligible Features... 1920
• Spillman, William Jasper
    º A theory of gravitation and related phenomena 1915
• Tolman, Richard Chace
    º The Theory of the Relativity of Motion 1917
• Weyl, Hermann
    º Space-Time-Matter 1922

Google Books
• Einstein: His Life and Universe by Walter Isaacson, 2008
• Gravitation Charles W. Misner, Kip S. Thorne, John Archibald Wheeler, 1973
• Space, Time, and Spacetime by Lawrence Sklar (for non-specialists) 1977

Graduate Level Course Notes and Tutorial Papers Related to General Relativity: U Washington

Gravitational Lenses

Gravity Probe B: Testing Einstein's Universe 52 yr NASA Project at Stanford U
confirms Einstein's relativistic geodetic & frame-dragging effects • Introductory Video
• Stanford's Gravity Probe B confirms two Einstein theories from Stanford U News
• Summary of Final GP-B Experimental Results
    º Press Conference, NASA Headquarters
    º Update Part I
    º Update Part II

The Great Puzzle online book by Bjorn Ursin Karlsen, introduction
• pdf document download

Gutenberg.org
• Einstein, Albert, 1879-1955
    º Relativity: The Special and General Theory (audio) Albert Einstein, 1916 ( pdf, ASCII txt )
    º Sidelights on Relativity, 1921
• Whitehead, Alfred North, 1861-1947

Henry Foundation, Inc. at Johns Hopkins U
• Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon its Energy Content? Albert Einstein
• Henry, Richard ConnUse It! Professor: Publications
    º Mass Does Not Increase with Velocity
    º Stellar Aberration
    º Teaching Special Relativity: Minkowski trumps Einstein
    º Where does E = mc2 come from? ( alt pdf )
• Invisibility of the Lorentz Contraction James Terrel, 1959
• The Nature of the Physical World Eddington

Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
• Proper Time, Coordinate Systems, Lorentz Transformations
• Time
• Time Supplement
• What Science Requires of Time

John de Pillis, U California Math
• Special Relativity Introduction to the Animations

John D. NortonUse It! History and Philosophy of Science Dept, U Pittsburgh
• Einstein for Everyone book
• Einstein's Miraculous Argument of 1905: The Thermodynamic Grounding of Light Quanta
• Goodies
    º Atoms Entropy Quanta
    º Chasing a Beam of Light: Einstein's Most Famous Thought Experiment
    º Einstein's Statistical Physics of 1905
    º The Fastest, Simplest, Quickest Derivation Ever of the Ideal Gas Law
    º How big is an atom?
    º How did Einstein Discover the Relativity of Simultaneity?
    º How Did Einstein Think?
    º How Einstein Changed the Way We Think About Science
    º From the Magnet and Conductor to the Relativity of Simultaneity
    º The Three Principal Problems of Philosophy of Modern Physics
    º Time Really Passes
• History of General Relativity and Gravitation
    º A Conjecture on Einstein, the Independent Reality of Spacetime Coordinate Systems and the Disaster of 1913
    º The Cosmological Woes of Newtonian Gravitation Theory
    º Einstein, Nordstrom and the early Demise of Lorentz-covariant, Scalar Theories of Gravitation
    º Einstein and Nordstrom: Some Lesser Known Thought Experiments in Gravitation
    º How Einstein Found His Field Equations: 1912-1915 - Sections 1-4, Sections 5-8
    º Nature in the Realization of the Simplest Conceivable Mathematical Ideas: Einstein and the Canon of Mathematical Simplicity
    º Out of the Labyrinth: Einstein, Hertz and Göttingen Answer to the Hole Argument
    º A Peek into Einstein's Zurich Notebook
• History of Special Relativity and Einstein's Work of 1905
    º Atoms Entropy Quanta: Einstein's Statistical Physics of 1905
    º Chasing the Light: Einstein's Most Famous Thought Experiment (draft)
    º Discovering the Relativity of Simultaneity: How Did Einstein Take 'The Step'
    º Einstein's Investigations of Galilean Covariant Electrodynamics prior to 1905
    º Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity and the Problems in the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies that Led him to it (preprint)
    º How Hume and Mach Helped Einstein Find Special Relativity & Addendum
• Papers, Publications and Manuscripts
    º Mach's Principle before Einstein

Laboratorio di Relativita (Italian) Francesco Manzo

The Light ConeUse It! An Illuminating Introduction (with illustrations) to Relativity by Rob Salgado, Syracuse U, Physics
• Introduction The Light Cone
• Maxwell and the Electrodynamic Theory of Light

Living Reviews in Relativity journal, About, Help, Search
• Articles
    º by Author
    º by Subject
    º by Volume
• Feedback/Blog
• Lectures
• Newsletter Mailing List free subscription
• Top Cited Reviews
    º The Confrontation between General Relativity and Experiment Clifford M. Will

MathPages.com: Reflections on RelativityUse It! online book, Table of Contents
• 2.5 Stellar Aberration

Marxists.org
• Relativity The Special and General Theory, Albert Einstein Reference Archive

MathPages.com: Physics
• Does Relativistic Mass Imply Special Relativity?
• Primer on Special Relativity
• Reflections on Relativity online book
• Why Maxwell Couldn't Explain Gravity

Max Planck Institute for the History of Science
• The Third Way to General Relativity Jurgen Renn

Mead Project 2.0 at Brock U, Project Inventory Arranged by Author
• Science and Hypothesis by Henri Poincare

Michel JanssenUse It! history of modern physics, U Minnesota (also see transcripts for Talks)
• From Classical to Relativistic Mechanics: Electromagnetic Models of the Electron
• A Comparison between Lorentz's Ether Theory and Special Relativity in the Light of the Experiments of Trouton and Noble (Dissertation)
    º Title/TOC
    º Intro
    º Intro (Part I)
    º Chapter 1
    º Intro (Part 2)
    º Chapter 3
    º Chapter 4
    º References
    º IntroII.pdf
• Drawing the Line Between Kinematics and Dynamics in Special Relativity
• 'No Success Like Failure': Einstein's Quest for General Relativity
• Of Pots and Holes: Einstein's Bumpy Road to General Relativity
• Presentism and Relativity
• Reconsidering a Scientific Revolution: The Case of Einstein versus Lorentz
• Relativity (preprint)
• The Trouton Experiment, E = mc2, and a Slice of Minkowski Space-Time ( Video )
• The twins and the bucket: How Einstein made gravity rather than motion relative in general relativity
• Untying the Knot: How Einstein Found His Way Back to Field Equations Discarded in the Zurich Notebook
• What Did Einstein Know and When Did He Know It? A Besso Memo Dated August 1913

Millennium Relativity argues on flaws in foundations of SRT

MIT Open CoursewareUse It! All Courses Index, Audio/Video Courses, governed by Creative Commons license: Physics
• 8.224 Exploring Black Holes: General Relativity & Astrophysics: Videos & Lecture Notes

NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day ( Index) - Virtual Trips to Black Holes and Neutron Stars

NASA, Mission Pages: Gravity Probe B
• NASA's Gravity Probe B Confirms Two Einstein Space-Time Theories

Ned Wright's Cosmology Tutorial: UCLA, FAQ
• Relativity Tutorial

NonEuclidUse It! Hyperbolic Geometry Article & free Java Compass & Ruler Applet, Relativity
by Joel Castellanos, U New Mexico, Joe Dan Austin & Ervan Darnell of Rice U
• Area
• Axioms and Theorems
• Disk and Upper Half-Plane Models
• Pseudosphere
• Parallel Lines
• The Shape of Space & Einstein's General Theory of Relativity
• What is Non-Euclidean Geometry?
• X-Y Coordinate System

PBS.org, Mysteries of Deep Space
• History of the Universe Timeline clickable

Peter Dunsby,
• Publications at arXiv.org
• Teaching Programme
    º Dynamics course, Pocast Videos
    º Tensors & Relativity online course

PhilSci Archive, U Pittsburgh
• Branching space-times, general relativity, the Hausdorff property, and modal consistency Muller, Thomas
• Brown and Janssen on the Arrow of Explanation in Special Relativity Gorski, Matthew
• Einstein’S First Systematic Exposition of General Relativity Janssen, Michel
• Einstein's Unified Field Theory Program
• A logic road from special to general relativity Andreka, Hajnal and Madarasz, Judit X
• Matter from space Giulini, Domenico
• Is the relativity principle consistent with classical electrodynamics? Towards a logico-empiricist reconstruction of a physical theory Gomori, Marton & Szabo, Laszlo E.
• Lorentzian theories vs. Einsteinian special relativity - a logico-empiricist reconstruction Szabo, Laszlo E.
• Mass-Energy-Momentum: Only there because of Spacetime? Lehmkuhl, Dennis
• Should we represent the present in Minkowski spacetime? Dorato, Mauro
• Time of Philosophers, Time of Physicists, Time of Mathematicians Besnard, Fabien
• The twins and the bucket: How Einstein made gravity rather than motion relative in general relativity Janssen, Michel

Physics Virtual Library: Subjects
• Electromagnetism, Special Relativity

Relativity on the World Wide Web Portal
• by Chris Hillman (Ph.D., Math); maintained by John Baez, Math Professor, U California, Riverside
• Evidence, Research Frontiers & Inaccurate Claims
• Expository Posts
• Further Reading
• Software, tensor manipulation
• Tutorials & Coursework online ( Undergraduate, Graduate )
• Visualization

Relativity Tutorials Chris Hillman: U Washington

Robert (Bob) B. Howlett, U Sydney, School of Mathematics and Statistics
• Aspects of Symmetry

Shlomo Sternberg... Creative Common License Books by, U Harvard, Math
• Semi-Riemann Geometry and General Relativity, 2003

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
• Absolute and Relational Theories of Space and Motion
• Being and Becoming in Modern Physics
• Causal Determinism
• Conventionality of Simultaneity
• Cosmological Argument
• Einstein's Philosophy of Science
• Early Philosophical Interpretations of General Relativity
• The Equivalence of Mass and Energy
• Eternity
• The Experience and Perception of Time
• Galilei, Galileo
• Hermann Weyl
• The Hole Argument
• Identity Over Time
• Immutability
• The Incommensurability of Scientific Theories
• Mach, Ernst
• Newton, Isaac
• Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica
• Newton's Views on Space, Time, and Motion
• Nineteenth Century Geometry
• Popper, Karl
• Religion and Science
• Quine, Willard van Orman
• Relativism
• Scientific Explanation
• Scientific Progress
• Scientific Revolutions
• Singularities and Black Holes
• Space and Time: Inertial Frames
• Symmetry and Symmetry Breaking
• Thermodynamic Asymmetry in Time
• Thought Experiments
• Time
• Time Machines
• Time Travel and Modern Physics
• The Unity of Science
• Whitehead, Alfred North

Stanford U, Dept Aeronautics & Astronautics, Links
• Prof. Ilan Kroo
    º Physical and Epistemological Foundations of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity -- A Critique and Alternative View

Syracuse U, Physics: Relativity Group
• Relativity: bookmarks

Tilman SauerUse It! Caltech Humanities and Social Sciences
• Heuristics and Mathematical Representation in Einstein's Search for a Gravitational Field Equation Jurgen Renn & Tilman Sauer
• Pathways out of Classical Physics Jurgen Renn & Tilman Sauer

Utrecht U Physics, Lectures General Relativity by Gerard 't Hooft

U Colorado, Boulder, CASA: ASTR 3740: Relativity & Cosmology
• Andrew Hamilton - publications
• Links - Cosmology, Relativity & Black Hole
• Tour of Special Relativity

U Virginia, Physics Dept: Physics 252: Modern Physics Lecture Notes by Michael Fowler

VectorSite.net (Greg Goebel / In The Public Domain) Search, SiteMap
• The Asimov Project
    º Elementary Relativistic Physics

Wikipedia.org: Relativity
    º Category:Aether theories
    º Category:General relativity
    º Category:Geometry
    º Category:Minkowski spacetime
    º Category:Relativity
    º Category:Special relativity
    º Category:Symmetry
    º Category:Tensors in general relativity
    º Category:Theories of gravitation
    º History of classical mechanics
    º History of gravitational theory
    º History of general relativity
    º History of gravitational theory
    º History of Lorentz transformations
    º History of special relativity
    º Timeline of gravitational physics and relativity
    º Timeline of luminiferous aether
• Aberration of light
    º Relative frame of reference for aberration of light
• Absolute space and time
• Absolute time and space
• Action at a distance (physics)
• Aether theories
    º Aether (classical element)
    º Aether drag hypothesisUse It!
    º Einstein aether theory
    º Lorentz ether theory
    º Luminiferous aether
    º Timeline of luminiferous aether
• Affine connection
• Angular momentum
    º Einstein-Cartan theory
    º Spin (physics)
• Binary pulsar orbital decay & gravitational radiation predicted by Einstein’s equations
• Birkhoff, George David (1884-1944)
    º Birkhoff's theorem
• Bunch-Davies vacuum & Bunch-Davies state: geodesic observer is in a zero-particle state
• Causality conditions
• Civita, Tullio Levi- (1873-1941) contriutions to tensor calculus and its applications to the theory of relativity, pupil of Ricci
• Classical mechanics
    º History of classical mechanics
• Clifford, William Kingdon (1845-1879) writings on the bending of space were first to promote gravitation as a manifestation of geometry
    º On the Space-Theory of Matter
• Classical mechanics
• Coordinate system#Transformations
    º Galilean transformation
    º Lorentz transformation
    º Transformation matrix
• Covariant transformation
• Curvature invariant (general relativity)
• Eddington, Arthur Stanley (1882-1944)
• Einstein, Albert (1879-1955)
    º Annus Mirabilis papers
    º Einstein aether theory
    º Einstein-Cartan theory
    º Einstein field equations
    º Einstein manifold
    º Einstein notation
    º Einstein Papers Project
    º Einstein tensor
• Energy
• Equivalence principle
• Electromagnetic field
• Equivalence principle
• Euclidean space
• Event (relativity)
• Event horizon
• Faraday, Michael
• Faster-than-light (Superluminal)
• Fictitious force, Centrifugal force, Coriolis effect
• Field (physics)
• Fizeau, Hippolyte (1819-1896)
    º Fizeau experiment
    º Fizeau-Foucault apparatus
• FitzGerald, George 1889 proprosed length contraction of all moving objects in direction of motion to account for Michelson-Morley experiment
• Force carrier
• Force field (physics)
• Fourth dimension
• Frame of reference
    º Inertial frame of reference
    º Non-inertial reference frame
    º Preferred frame
    º Rotating reference frame
• Frame-dragging
• Free space
• Fresnel, Augustin-Jean (1788-1827) 1818 proposed aether is partially entrained by matter
• Alexander Friedmann (1888-1925) 1922 discovered the expanding-universe solution to the field equations; the 3 Friedmann models described positive, zero & negative curvature
• Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker metric (FLRW) an exact solution of the field equations describing a homogeneous, isotropic expanding or contracting universe
• Galilei, Galileo
    º Galilean Invariance (Galilean Relativity)
• General Relativity
    º Equivalence principle
    º History of general relativity
    º Introduction to general relativity
    º Mathematics of general relativity
    º Tests of general relativity
• Geodetic effect de Sitter effect, geodetic or de Sitter precession; effect of the curvature of spacetime on a vector carried with an orbiting body
• Geometry
    º Absolute geometry
    º Analytic geometry
    º Differential geometry
    º Elliptic geometry
    º Euclidean geometry
    º Euclidean space
    º Hyperbolic geometry
    º Non-Euclidean geometry
    º Riemannian geometry
    º Solid geometry
    º Transformation geometry
• Gravitation
    º Action at a distance (physics)
    º Equivalence principle
    º Gravitational energy
    º Gravitational field
    º Gravitational lens
    º Gravitational singularity
    º Gravitational time dilation
    º Gravitational wave
    º Graviton
    º History of gravitational theory
    º Le Sage's theory of gravitation
    º Mechanical explanations of gravitation
    º Newton's law of universal gravitation
    º Speed of gravity
• Gravitation (book) (MTW) “bible of general relativity” by Charles W. Misner, Kip S. Thorne & John Archibald Wheeler, 1973
• Gravitational time dilation
    º Shapiro delay
• Gravitational wave
    º Gravitational redshift
    º Internal wave
• Gravity Probe A measured the rate change of a clock in lower gravity & the equivalence principle
• Gravity Probe B confirmed the geodetic effect to 1%
    º Geodetic effect or de Sitter effect/precession; effect of the curvature of spacetime on a vector carried with an orbiting body
• Hawking, Stephen (1942-)
    º Hawking radiation
• David Hilbert (1862-1943) 1915 published “The Foundations of Physics”, an axiomatic derivation of the general relativity field equations
• Inertial frame of reference
• Larmor, Joseph (1857-1942) published Lorentz transformations 1897, 2 years before Lorentz; author of Aether and Matter, 1900 where he predicted time dilation and verified FitzGerald-Lorentz length contraction
• Kerr metric
• Kerr-Newman metric
• Lambda-CDM model (standard model of cosmolgy)
• Larmor, Joseph
• Laplace, Pierre-Simon
• Length contraction (FitzGerald-Lorentz contraction)
• Light
    º Light cone
    º Speed of light
• Lorentz, Hendrik (1853-1928)
    º Length contraction
    º Lorentz covariance
    º Lorentz ether theory
    º Lorentz factor
    º Lorentz force
    º Lorentz group
• Lorentz transformation
    º History of Lorentz transformations
• Luminiferous aether
• Mach, Ernst (1838-1916)
    º Mach's principle
• Mass-energy equivalence, Mass in special relativity (Relativistic mass)
• Manifold
    º Pseudo-Riemannian manifold
• Matter
• Maxwell, James Clerk (1831-1879)
    º Maxwell's equations
• Metric expansion of space
• Metric tensor (general relativity) the fundamental object of study used in general relativity to define notions such as distance, volume, curvature, angle, future and past
• Michelson, Albert Abraham
• Michelson-Morley experiment
• Mie, Gustav (1869-1957)
• Milne, Edward Arthur (1896-1950)
    º Milne model
• Minkowski, Hermann (1864-1909)
    º Minkowski diagram
    º Minkowski space: Lorentzian manifold
• Misner, Charles W. (1932-)
    º ADM formalism
    º Misner space
• Newton, Isaac (1643-1727)
    º Newton's law of universal gravitation
• Non-inertial reference frame
• Nordstrom, Gunnar (1881-1923)
    º Nordstrom's theory of gravitation early curved spacetime alternative to Einstein's theory of gravitation
• Numerical relativity using computer algorithms & numerical methods to analyze & solve general relativity problems
• Penrose, Roger (1931-)
    º Penrose process
• Poincare, Henri
    º Poincare group
• Price, Richard H. (1943-)
    º Price's theorem any inhomogeneities in the spacetime geometry outside a black hole radiate away
• Principle of relativity
• Reference frame (see Frame of reference)
• Relativity priority dispute
• Ricci-Curbastro, Gregorio (1853-1925) inventor of the tensor calculus, 1900 published the theory of tensors in Methodes de calcul differentiel absolu et leurs applications with Civita which Einstein used to master tensor calculus
    º Ricci curvature key term in the Einstein field equations
    º Ricci decomposition
• Riemann, Bernhard (1826-1866) non-Euclidean geometries
    º Differential geometry
• Relativity of simultaneity
• Romer, Ole (1644-1710) first quantitative measurement of the speed of light
    º Romer's determination of the speed of light
• Rotation
    º Absolute rotation
    º Angular momentum
    º Mach's principle
    º Spin (physics)
• Schwarzschild, Karl (1873-1916)
    º Deriving the Schwarzschild solution of Einstein field equations, gravitational field outside a spherical, non-rotating mass eg, black hole
    º Schwarzschild metric Schwarzschild solution for gravitational field outside a spherical, uncharged, non-rotating mass, good approximation to the gravitational field of a slowly rotating body like Earth or Sun
    º Schwarzschild radius any non-rotating and non-charged mass smaller than its Schwarzschild radius forms a black hole, often called the radius of a black hole
• Shape of the universe
• Shapiro delay
• Silberstein, Ludwik (1872-1948) author of relativity books
• Simultaneity
    º Relativity of simultaneity
• Space
    º Absolute space and time
    º Absolute time and space
    º Euclidean space
• Spacetime
    º Light cone
    º Minkowski diagram
    º Minkowski space
    º Shape of the universe
    º Spacetime algebra
    º World line
• Special Relativity
    º History of special relativity
    º Introduction to special relativity
• Speed of gravity
• Speed of light
• Stokes, George (1819-1903) 1845 proposed the aether is completely entrained within or in the vicinity of matter
• Stress-energy tensor
• Supernova
• Symmetry
• Tachyon
• Tensor
    º Covariant transformation
    º Curvature invariant (general relativity)
    º Einstein notation
    º Einstein tensor
    º Euclidean vectors
    º Metric tensor
    º Metric tensor (general relativity)
    º Relative scalar
    º Relative tensor
    º Riemann curvature tensor
    º Ricci curvature or tensor
    º Scalar (mathematics)
    º Stress-energy tensor
    º Tensor field
    º Weyl tensor
• Tests of general relativity
• Theory of Relativity
• 't Hooft, Gerard (1946-) holographic principle, quantum gravity
• Thorne, Kip (1940-) black hole cosmology
    º Hoop Conjecture
    º Membrane paradigm
• Time
    º Absolute space and time
    º Absolute time and space
    º Coordinate time
    º Curvature invariant (general relativity)
    º Gravitational time dilation
    º Proper time
    º Time dilation
    º Time travel
• Twin paradox
• Vacuum, Vacuum solution
• Weyl, Hermann (1885-1955) one of the first to conceive of combining general relativity with the laws of electromagnetism
    º Weyl tensor
• Wheeler, John Archibald (1911-2008)
    º Geometrodynamics
• Whittaker, E. T. (1873-1956) author of A history of the theories of aether and electricity
• World line
• Zwicky, Fritz

WikiSource.org: Author:Albert Einstein
• Albert Einstein to Franklin D. Roosevelt - August 2, 1939
• The Bad Nauheim Debate
• A Brief Outline of the Development of the Theory of Relativity
• The Development of Our Views on the Composition and Essence of Radiation
• Dialog about Objections against the Theory of Relativity
• Ether and the Theory of Relativity
• The Field Equations of Gravitation
• The Foundation of the Generalised Theory of Relativity
• Geometry and Experience
• A Heuristic Model of the Creation and Transformation of Light
• On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies
• Relativity: The Special and General Theory
• Russell-Einstein Manifesto
• Time, Space, and Gravitation

Wikisource.org
    º Author:Hippolyte Fizeau
• Hypotheses on luminous ether

Wikisource.org
    º Author:Henri Poincare
• On the Dynamics of the Electron (June)
• On the Dynamics of the Electron (July)
• The End of Matter
• The Measure of Time
• The New Mechanics (Gottingen)
• The Principles of Mathematical Physics
• Science and Hypothesis

Youtube.com
• Ox educ
    º Special Relativity, Lecture 1 remaining lectures follow

^ PHYSICS
RESEARCH

arXiv current e-prints stored at Cornell U

^ PHYSICS
ROTATIONAL MOTION

U Guelph, Department of Physics, TutorialsUse It!
• Torque

Wikipedia
• Centrifugal force (rotating reference frame)
• Coriolis effect
• Euler force
• Fictitious force
• Fundamental interaction
• Rotating reference frame


^ PHYSICS
SOFTWARE
also see.. Computational Physics

AJ Design Software (ads)
• Fluid Mechanics Equations Formulas Calculator
• Math Equations Formulas Calculator
• Physics Equations Formulas Calculator

Compadre.org: Open Source PhysicsUse It! free
• Data Tool data analysis: plotting & fitting data from lab experiments, simulations, video analysis, or any data set in columns
• Tracker image and video analysis package and modeling tool, built upon the Open Source Physics Java code library

Design-Simulation.com: Interactive Physics ($)

Easy Java Simulations, Installation instructions
• an Open source Physics application
    º Modeling Science Textbook Chapter 2: Introduction to Easy Java Simulations ( pdf )
    º Modeling Science Textbook Chapter 3: EJS and Java Concepts ( pdf )
• Documentation
• Download and Install

LightAndMatter.comUse It! Benjamin Crowell, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license: introductory one-year physics survey textbooks for biology majors & open-source software & Courses
• Answer Checker for site Books
• Calculator javascript Inf handles infinite & infinitesimal numbers
    º Javascript Files at GitHub.com
• Open-source Software
    º Opengrade for teachers to keep track of grades
    º Planet Finder Documentation and Source Code
    º Spotter allows students to check their answers to math & science questions
    º When simple personal calendar program for minimalistic Unix geeks

Physics Academic Software, PAS ($)
SillanumSoft.org Visual Analyser (Windows) transform your PC in a complete set of instruments, no new hardware, just use the Sound Card

Sourceforge.net
• Audacity free, open source software for recording & editing sounds
    º Can be used as a recording oscilloscope, see Cheap, Easy Light Probe

Technology Systems Free reference downloads
• Design Software

Tracker (Windows, Mac & Linux) Free Video Analysis and Modeling Tool for Physics Education by Doug Brown, Cabrillo College
• Online Help
• see “For Developers” for Source Code & Java Tutorials

Xannah.org Xannah Appled Science & Engineering
• DataPoint free (Windows) 2-d Video Frame-Grabbing & Video Motion Analysis Software for the classroom
Yenka.com mathematics, science & technology products
• Try Yenka Free home licences


^ PHYSICS
SOLAR WIND

Cosmicopia, Glossary, Links, SiteMap
• Astrophysics Basics
• Cosmic Rays
• The Sun
    º Solar WindUse It!
• Space Weather


^ PHYSICS
SOLID STATE & CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS

Wikipedia
    º Category:Condensed matter physics
• Condensed matter physics
• Electronic band structure
    º Conduction band & Valence band
• Fermi level
• Solid-state physics
• Work function


^ PHYSICS
SOUND & ACOUSTICS

U Maryland, Physics Dept
• Physics 102: Physics Of Music
• PHYS 103: Physics of Music Laboratory
• Physics of Music Reference Web Sites Links

U New South Wales, Physics: Music Acoustics
• Helmholtz Resonance

U New South Wales, Physics: Music Science
• Acoustics, an introduction
    º Brass instrument (lip reed) acoustics
    º Clarinet
    º Didgeridoo acoustics/ yidaki acoustics
    º Flute
    º Guitar & How does it work?
    º Harmonic singing (or overtone singing) vs normal singing
    º Saxophone acoustics
    º Speech including Helium's effect
    º Violin
    º FAQ in music acoustics
• Hearing Test online
• How do violins change with playing and environmental changes over time?

Vibrationdata.com
• Newsletters
    º January 2004 teaching sound vibration principles with beverage bottles, crystal glassware, and household objects as improvised musical instruments
• Tutorials (Subscription Required)


^ PHYSICS
SPECTROSCOPY
also see.. §CHEMISTRY (Spectroscopy)§, Quantum Physics, §Vacuum Tube History§

Advanced Aquarist online magazine
• Poor Man's Spectrometer: Estimating Lamp Spectral Quality for Less Than $30 (Project STAR Spectrometer)

Amateur SpectroscopyUse It!
• Principle of operation of a spectroscope
• Spectrum of various chemical elements

Astronomy 162 Stars, Galaxies, and Cosmology, U Tennessee, Knoxville
• Atomic Absorption and Emission Spectra

Astrosurf.com: Spectroscopy, CCD and Astronomy
• A Low Cost Spectrograph
• Design a Classical Spectrograph

Atomic Spectroscopy from the NIST Physics Laboratory

The Era of Classical Spectroscopy
Exploratorium: How to Build a Spectroscope

Google Search
• gas spectrum images site:*.edu

HyperPhysics
• Atomic Spectra Argon, Hydrogen, Helium, Iodine, Mercury, Neon, Nitrogen, Sodium

IEEE.org: Educational Activities, Pre-University Education
• Teacher In-Service Program, Links, Lesson Plans
    º Light Waves and Spectroscopes

Makezine.com, About, Forum
• Blog
• Laboratory 5.4: Examine the Spectroscopic Characteristics of Soil

NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED)
• Emission-Line Spectra and the Nature of Active Galactic Nuclei, Donald E. Osterbrock, Contents

Project STAR SpectrometerUse It! Home Science Project by Rob Brown

Physics Applets @ U Oregon Physics Dept. Note: you must allow pop-up windows as an exception for this site
• Periodic Table of Element SpectrumsUse It!

Rochester Institute of Technology, Physics 230 Stellar AstronomyUse It! from Michael Richmond following is under the Creative Commons License
• Interpreting Stellar Spectra
• Spectra of Gas DischargesUse It! images
• Spectrographs and Spectra

Scienceofspectroscopy.info About
• Wiki

Tech-systems-labs.com Free reference downloads
• Full Electronic books
    º GE Glow Lamp Manual Theory, Circuits, Ratings; 1966, General Electric Company

What is Spectroscopy? from Craig Kulesa's Astronomy Resources

Wikipedia
    º Category:Gas discharge lamps
    º Category:Optical physicists
    º Category:Spectroscopy
    º Category:Spectrometers
    º Category:Spectroscopists
• Atomic absorption spectroscopy
• Atomic emission spectroscopy
• Atomic spectral line
• Balmer series
• Black-body
• Bunsen, Robert with Kirchhoff, laid foundations of Spectroscopy
• Crookes tube
• Electromagnetic radiation
• Electromagnetic spectrum
• Emission spectrum
• Equipartition theorem
• Fraunhofer, Joseph von (1787-1826)
    º Diffraction grating
    º Fraunhofer lines
• Gas-discharge lamp
• Hydrogen spectral series
• Kirchhoff, Gustav with Bunsen, laid foundations of Spectroscopy
• Lyman series
• Neon lamp
• Oscillation
    º Harmonic oscillator
    º Oscillation (mathematics)
    º Oscillation theory
    º Rydberg constant
• Particle-induced X-ray emission
• Photoemission spectroscopy
• Rayleigh-Jeans law
• Rydberg formula described wavelengths/frequencies of chemical element spectral lines
    º Rydberg constant
• Rutherford backscattering spectrometry
• Spectral line
• Spectroscopy
• Spectrometer
• Spectrum analysis
    º Continuous spectrum
    º Electromagnetic spectrum
    º Emission spectrum
    º Visible spectrum
• Ultraviolet catastrophe
• Zeeman effect

Worcester Park Observatory-UK: optics - reviews, papers & experiments
• Amateur Spectroscopy home-made equipment other than prisms & gratings
• Low Resolution Lunar Spectrograph
• Stellar Spectrograph #1


^ PHYSICS
SPORTS RELATED PHYSICS
Baseball Physics

Porter W. Johnson Professor of Physics
• The Physics Of Baseball

Sport and Exercise Sciences Home Pages
The Physics of Sports
Physics Geeks' Softball unchecked

^ PHYSICS
SPRINGS

All-Rite Spring Company
Institute of Spring Technology (IST)
Spring Manufacturers Institute
Springs, D Wright, U Western Australia Mechanical Engineering
• The spring characteristic
• Spring design
• Springs
Wikipedia
• Category:Springs (mechanical)
• Spring (device)


^ PHYSICS
STATISTICAL MECHANICS

Dr James B. Calvert, U Denver: Physics
• Boltzmann's Factor

U Berkeley, Ashvin Vishwanath: Physics 211 Equilibrium Statistical Physics
Wikipedia
• Statistical mechanics


^ PHYSICS
NEUTRINOS
also see.. Particle Physics

Centre for Underground Physics in Pyhäsalmi: The Ultimate Neutrino Page
Institute for Advanced Study: School of Natural Sciences
• John Bahcall 1934–2005 (see Solar Neutrinos)
Neutrino Unbound

Public Broadcasting System (PBS): NOVA
• The Ghost Particle, Transcript

Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
Neutrino

^ PHYSICS
NEWTONIAN DYNAMICS, CLASSICAL MECHANICS

Newtonian Dynamics, Richard Fitzpatrick, Professor of Physics, U Texas, Austin


^ PHYSICS
NUCLEAR PHYSICS

ABC's of Nuclear Science from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
• Antimatter
• Basic Nuclear Science
• Cosmic Connection - Build you own cosmic ray detector
    º Building a Cosmic Ray Detector (pdf file)
    º Instruction Manual (pdf file)
• Glossary

Charles Edison Fund: Science Teaching Experiments Edison Awards Program
• Chapter VIII. Nuclear Experiments (pdf)

Exploratorium
• Cloud Chamber

FusEdWebUse It! Fusion Energy Education

Health Physics Society assistance in understanding the field of health physics, FAQ
• Articles
• Ask the Experts
• Education Reference Book Univeristies offering degrees, information & research programs
• Fact Sheets
• Radiation Terms and Definitions
• Radionuclide Decay Data

International Atomic Energy Agency
• ALADDIN Database on Atomic and Molecular Data for Fusion
• Rate coefficients from collisional radiative calculations of plasmas
• Electron Impact Cross Section Calculations Using The Average Approximation
• GENIE Internet Search Engine for Atomic Data
• Heavy Particle collisions calculation of cross sections for excitation, ionization & charge transfer in heavy particle collisions
• XSAMS: XML Schema for Atoms, Molecules and Solids

Los Alamos National Laboratory
• Interface to Los Alamos Atomic Physics Codes calculation of atomic structure, electron impact excitation & ionization processes

Naresh Menon, Cornell U
• Cloud Chamber
• How to Build a Cloud Chamber

National Council on Radiation Protection & Measurements (NCRP) Radiation Exposure Data, Radiation Protection Guidelines, About

National Nuclear Data Center
• Chart of Nuclides

New Jersey Society for Amateur Scientists New Jersey SAS
• Cloud Chamber

North Cascades and Olympic Science Partnership
• OSPI Coaching General Teaching Strategies
• Using Radioactive Decay As a Clock tuna can cloud chamber

Nucleonica.net
• Universal Nuclide Chart

ScientificAmerican.com
• A Canteen Cloud Chamber

Wikipedia
• Cloud chamber
• Radioisotope thermoelectric generator

LBNL Isotopes Project
• Chart of Nuclides (pdf)
• WWW Table of Radioactive Isotopes

Youtube.com
• RadioactivityUse It! Physics for Future Presidents, Richard A. Muller


^ PHYSICS
OPEN EDUCATION & COLLABORATION
also see.. Books

Archive.org: Open Educational Resources
• PBS | NPR Forum Network
    º Michio Kaku: Physics of the Impossible (2008)
• Advanced Placement (AP) Courses from the Monterey Institute for Technology and Education
    º Advanced Placement Physics B
    º Advanced Placement Physics C

comPADRE Physics & Astronomy Education Communities, Digital Library is a network of free online resources for faculty, students & teachers in Physics & Astronomy Education

Nytimes.com
• Auditing Classes at M.I.T., on the Web and Free April 4, 2001

WebPhysics network of resources for introductory physics teaching
• WebScience: Creating an Active-Learner Classroom with WWW Technology to Improve Introductory Science and Mathematics Courses, Richard R. Hake


^ PHYSICS
OPTICS
also see.. §Light & Optics§, §Optics (HIST OF SCIENCE)§

Electromagnetism and Optics an introductory course, Richard Fitzpatrick, U Texas, Austin: Geometric Optics
• History of Geometric Optics
• Law of Refraction

HyperPhysics: Light and Vision
• Lenses

LightAndMatter.com: Books
• Optics

Molecular Expressions & Introduction to Optical Microscopy and Photomicrography, Florida State U
• Lenses and Geometrical Optics

Physics Virtual Library: Subjects
• Optics

WebTOP, Mississippi State U Physics & Astronomy, 3D interactive graphics system simulates/visualizes optical phenomena, helps learn about optics & waves
• Download Instructions
• WebTOP Tutorial (pdf)

Wikipedia
• Category:Geometrical optics
• Category:Physical optics
• Index of optical articles
• Absorbance
• Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
    º Beer-Lambert law
• Angle of incidence
    º Attenuation coefficient
• Diffraction
• Electromagnetic radiation
• Emissivity
• Fermat's principle (principle of least time)
• Focus (optics)
• Fourier optics
• Fresnel equations
• Hadron group of composite particles (subsuming Baryons & Mesons) made of quarks with strong force
    º Baryon a type of fermion, ie, cannot occupy the same space without different properties (eg, spin) & are usually associated with matter
    º Meson a type of boson, ie, bosons can occupy the same space & are often force carrier particles
• Huygens-Fresnel principle (Huygens' principle)
• Light
• Maxwell's equations
• Optics
    º Geometrical optics
    º Optical phenomenon
    º Ray (optics)
    º Ray tracing (physics)
• Polarization (waves)
    º Brewster's angle
• Reflection (physics)
    º Albedo
    º Bidirectional reflectance distribution function
    º Diffuse reflection
    º Lambertian reflectance
    º Reflectivity
    º Reflection coefficient
    º Specular reflection (Law of Reflection)
    º Total internal reflection (Critical angle)
• Refraction
    º Refractive index
    º Snell's law
    º Transmission coefficient
    º Transmittance
• Scattering
    º Inverse scattering problem, Inverse scattering transform
    º Scattering theory

YouTube.com
• Derivation of Snell's Law using Fermat's Principle


^ PHYSICS
PARTICLES, PARTICLE PHYSICS, PARTICLE THEORY
also see.. Neutrino, Quantum Physics, String Theory, Unified Field Theory

the ALEPH experiment, ALEPHLIB software routines Particle Physics

Cal Tech, Particle Theory Group, Links
• Resources
• The Second Superstring Revolution by John H. Schwarz

CERN Eurpean Organization for Nuclear Research
• The Particle Detector BriefBook Glossary

Cern Courier
• Latest Issue

Contemporary Physics Education Project (CPEP)
• Fundamental Particles and Interactions
• Nuclear Science
• Plasma Physics and Fusion
• The Universe of Cosmology

Cornell U, Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics (LEPP)

Fermi Lab
• Anatomy of a Detector
• Education and Outreach
• Inquiring Minds
• Physical Science Data for Teachers
    º Use Conservation of Momentum to Calculate the Mass of the Top Quark from D-Zero Data
• Science Education
    º Searching for the Building Blocks of Matter
• Virtual Tour

Frank Wilczek Herman Feshbach Professor of Physics, 2004 Nobel Laureate, MIT

FrankWilczek.com

Google Books (books for the general reader)
• Kane, Gordon
    º The particle garden: our universe as understood by particle physicists, 1996
    º Supersymmetry: squarks, photinos, and the unveiling of the ultimate laws of nature
• Wilczek, Frank
    º The Lightness of Being: Mass, Ether, and the Unification of Forces
    º Longing for the harmonies: themes and variations from modern physics

Gordon KaneUse It! Director, Michigan Center for Theoretical Physics
• The Dawn of Physics Beyond the Standard Model 2006
• Hunting the Higgs
• Other Publications of Gordon Kane
• The Mysteries of Mass
• String theory and the Real World 2010
• Talks by Gordon Kane

Hands on CERN ( English )

History of the Neutrinos, Didier Verkindt
• Neutrino History

An introduction to Particle Physics, Glossary
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory: Particle Data Group
• QuarkDance

The Particle Adventure from the Particle Data Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
• Particle Physics Education Sites (no longeer maintained)
• Particle Physics Education Materials

PBS, Nova: The Elegant Universe
    º Elementary Particles

Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK: Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Particle Physics Department
• The Particle Detectives
• The Particle Physics Exhibits Project (PPEP), Links

SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory: Virtual Visitor Center, Links, Site Map
• Glossary
• Particle Physics Education Sites Links
• Theory
    º An Additional Force Higg force
    º Feynman Diagrams
    º Forces and Interactions
    º Introduction to Cosmic Rays
    º Quantum Mechanics
    º The Standard Model & Higgs mechanism for mass
    º Weak Interactions

SymmetryMagazine.org particle physics and its connections to life and science, from Fermi Lab & SLAC
• Dec 2004-Jan 2005

Wikipedia: Category:Particle physicists
    º List of theoretical physicists
• Feynman, Richard (1918-1988)
• Higgs, Peter (1929-)
• Weinberg, Steven (1933-)
• Wheeler, John Archibald (1911-2008)
• Wilczek, Frank (1951-)

Wikipedia: Particle physics
    º Category:Electroweak theory
    º Category:Experimental particle physics
    º Category:Hypothetical particles
    º Category:Mesons
    º Category:Nuclear physics
    º Category:Particle accelerators
    º Category:Particle detectors
    º Category:Particle physicists
    º Category:Particle physics
    º Category:Radioactivity
    º Category:Theoretical physicists
    º List of accelerators in particle physics
    º List of particles
• Alpha decay
• Alpha particle
• Antimatter
• Antiparticle
• Beta decay
• Boson
    º Gauge boson
    º Higgs boson
    º W and Z bosons
• Charge conservation
• Cosmic ray ~90% protons, ~10% helium nuclei (alpha particles), ~1% heavier elements, electrons (beta particles), or gamma ray photons
• CPT symmetry symmetry of physical laws under simultaneous inversions of charge, parity & time; a mirror-image universe would evolve under our same physical laws
    º CP violation CP-symmetry [laws unchanged by particle/antiparticle exchange (C symmetry) & left/right swap (P symmetry)] violated in neutral kaon decays-1964
    º C-symmetry symmetry under charge-conjugation transformation or particle/antiparticle interchange
    º Parity (physics) (P) parity transformation or parity inversion is flipping the sign of one spatial coordinate (mirror image)
    º T-symmetry symmetry of laws under time reversal transformation
• Electromagnetism
• Electroweak interaction
• Elementary particle
• Faddeev-Popov ghost
• Fermion
    º Quark
    º Lepton
• Feynman diagram
• Fundamental interaction (Fundamental force)
• Gluon
• Gravitation
    º Graviton
    º Supergravity
• Higgs boson
• Higgs mechanism
• Higgsless model
• Ionizing radiation
• Meson
• Neutrino
• Nuclear force
    º Electromagnetism
    º Strong interaction
    º Weak interaction
• Nucleon
• Particle accelerator
    º Accelerator physics
    º Cathode ray tube
    º Betatron
    º Cyclotron
    º Dynamitron
    º Electron-cloud effect
    º Electron gun
    º Electrostatic nuclear accelerator
    º Fermilab
    º FFAG accelerator
    º International Linear Collider
    º Large Electron-Positron Collider
    º Large Hadron Collider & Super Large Hadron Collider
    º Linear particle accelerator
    º Storage ring
    º Synchrocyclotron
    º Synchrotron
    º Synchrotron light source
    º Tevatron at Fermilab
• Particle beam
    º Particle beam cooling
• Particle detection
    º Bubble chamber
    º Cloud chamber
    º Spark chamber
    º Wire chamber
• Particle physics (High energy physics)
• Photon
• Plasma
• Plasma acceleration
• Positron
• Quantum chromodynamics
• Quantum electrodynamics
• Quantum field theory
• Quantum mechanics
• Quark
• Radioactive decay
• Scattering
    º Inverse scattering problem
    º Inverse scattering transform
• Scattering theory
• Spin-1/2
• Spin (physics)
• Standard Model
• Strong interaction
• Superpartner
    º Chargino
    º Gaugino
    º Gluino
    º Gravitino
    º Higgsino
    º Neutralino
    º Sfermion
• Supersymmetry
• 't Hooft, Gerard (1946-) quantum structure of electroweak interactions
• Timeline of particle discoveries
• Wave-particle duality a particle is a quantum of a related energy field
• Weak interaction (Weak force)


^ PHYSICS
STUDENT PROJECTS & TASKS
PALS science performance assessment tasks indexed via the National Science Education Standards (NSES) Performance Tasks, GRADES: 5-8, 9-12
• Electrical Energy how wire gauge & type affect radiated heat by applied voltage
• Keep It Hotinsulating abilities of different materials
• More Power to You Project: make a Galvanometer & Generator
• Radiation concept of half-life simulation using colored beads
• Radioactive Decay color & heat absorption relations
• Snell's Law measure index of refraction of Corn Syrup
• Let the Sunshine In temperatures of three different-colored plastic translucent cup covers


^ PHYSICS
SURFACES
Fun Science Gallery (FunSci.com)
• Experiments on Surface Phenomena and Colloids

HyperPhysicsUse It! smooth navigation concept maps & linking strategies: Georgia State U
• Surface Tension

Interactive Learning Paradigms Inc.
• General Chemistry Demo Lab
    º Surface Tension

Online-tensiometer.com, What is Surface Tension?

^ PHYSICS
THEORETICAL PHYSICS
Utrecht U Physics, How to Become a Good Theoretical Physicist with Links, by Gerard 't Hooft

Wikipedia
    º Category:Fundamental physics concepts
    º Category:Physics theorems
    º Category:Theoretical physics
• Emmy Noether (1882-1935)
    º Noether's theorem
• Free will theorem


^ PHYSICS
TIME
also see.. §TIME§

Discovery.com: Videos
• Fountain of Youth
• Ten Ways: Time Travel email a friend share on social networks A child explains Einstein's theory on the elasticity of time
• Time Travel with Michio Kaku

Wikipedia
    º List of unsolved problems in physics
• Arrow of time
• Entropy (arrow of time)


^ PHYSICS
TUTORIALS
also see.. Audio Files, Education, §ENGINEERING§, Demonstrations, §SCIENCE (Tutorials)§, Videos

150 java-applets related to physics education
•alectrodynamic, gas, general, heat, matter, measure, mechanics, optics, periodic

3D World SimulationUse It! Java app w/source: dynamics, kinematics, Links, physics, program'g, theory, Tutorial

Amusement Park Physics, Links from Annenberg/CPB, Exhibits
• Roller Coaster, Carousel, Bumper Cars, Free Fall, Pendulum
• Safety

AP Physics B by Dolores Gende
• AP Home Pages, Links
• Demos
• Homework Services
• Interactive Problem Solving
• Lab Format
• Labs
    º Error Analysis in Experimental Physical ScienceUse It!
• Labs, Open Ended
    º Ideas over forty
• Simulations
• Teaching Resources
• Tutorials Links

Applets by Daniel Roth freeware, simulate/illustrate physics problems

Ask A Scientist Archive - Search:   NEWTON/ANL, Argonne National Lab
• Physics

Ask Dr. Physics for the Physically Perplexed: Concordia College

Astronomy for All!
• Starchild, Advanced

Batesville Community School Corporation: Physics at BHS

Beginner's Guide to Aerodynamics ( alt ) interactive animations, equations, images & text from NASA
• Aeronautics Resources
• Aerospace Activities and LessonsUse It!
• Beginner's Guide to Aerodynamics
• Beginner's Guide to Compressible Aerodynamics
• Beginner's Guide to Kites
• Beginner's Guide to Propulsion
• Beginner's Guide to Rockets
• Free Software, Downloads
• Wind Tunnel Index

The Book of PhyzUse It! by Dean Baird, AP Physics guides, jobs, labs, demos, question & problem sets

Boston U, Physics Lecture Demonstrations
• Lecture Notes: PY105 & PY106
• Physlet Demonstrations: Semesters 1 & 2

Civil Aviation Training (CAT) Magazine CAT Magazine, Inc.

Carnegie Mellon U: Open Learning Initiative, Open & Free coursesUse It!
• Engineering Statics
• Physics

Carnegie Mellon Open Learning InitiativeUse It! Free Online Courses
• Physics

Contemporary Physics Eduation ProjectUse It! (CPEP)
• Fundamental Particles and Interactions
• The History and Fate of the Universe (universeadventure.org)
    º Chart, Glossary
    º The Universe Adventure Interactive Tour, Links
• Nuclear Science
• Plasma Physics and Fusion
    º Creating the Conditions for Fusion
    º Energy Sources Conversions
    º How Fusion Reactions Work
    º Plasma - the 4th State of Matter
    º Two Important Fusion Processes

Dr. Richard Vawter, Western Washington U, Physics & Astronomy
• Learning Physics on the Web
    º Example Problems
    º Interactive Simulations
    º Physics Topics
    º Quick Time Movie Demonstrations
    º Solving Physics Problems
• Simulations List using Interactive Physics software

Educational Programs at the Berkeley Lab: Lawrennce Berkeley National Lab

ExploreScience.comUse It! Multimedia Activities" & Teacher Resources
• Astronomy
• Electricity & Magnatism
• Mechanics
• Optics
• Wave Motion

FearOfPhysics.com animated demonstrations, Homework Help

Fermilab Ecucation Office
• Educational Software Preview Guide, Search by Subject, Level, Operating System
• Teacher Resource Center
• Web-based Instructional Materials
    º Special Relativity

Fowler's Physics Applets from Galileo and Einstein by Michael Fowler, U Virginia

Georgia Public Broadcasting: Chemistry & Physics
Glenbrook South High School, Physics: The Physics Classroom TutorialsUse It! with Multimedia Physics Studio animations, About, Help
• One Dimensional Kinematics
• Newton's Laws
• Vectors: Motion and Forces in Two Dimensions
• Momentum and Its Conservation
• Multimedia Physics Studio Animations
• Work, Energy, and Power
• Circular Motion and Satellite Motion
• Static Electricity
• Current Electricity
• Waves
• Sound Waves and Music
• Light Waves and Color
• Reflection and the Ray Model of Light

HippoCampus.orgUse It! online tutorials, Create an account for your students
• Physics & Physics Minisite
•Introductory Physics I & II
• General Physics I & II
• College Preparatory Physics I & II
• Physics B (algebra & trigonometry based) for AP I & II
• Physics C (calculus based) for AP I & II

HowEverythingWorks.org
How Stuff Works Inc.
How Things Work, the Physics of Everyday Life articles & Book: Louis A. Bloomfield, U Virginia

HyperPhysicsUse It! C.R. Nave, Georgia State U, including online calculators

Hypertextbook.comUse It! by Glenn Elert
• Chaos Hypertextbook, Links
• Physics Hypertextbook

How Things Work Q & A, physics text, by Louis Bloomfield, Virginia U
• Visualizing the Future of Physics Education (pdf)

HypertextBook.com by Glenn Elert: Physics Hypertext
Interactive Physics 1 & 2 D motion, energy, momentum, and Links (Javascript): Jim's Homepage
Interactive Physics and Math with Java Yanovsky-Kiselev: U South Carolina

The Interactive Textbook of PFP 96See It! U Pennsylvania SEARCH, Java & HTML versions, + Physics

JamesBrennan.org: Physics Stuff
• Education Links, Math & Science Links
• Tech Physics HomeUse It! Contents, Notes
• Introduction
• Math
• Motion
• Force
• Energy
• Oscillations
• Waves
• Light

KennethMaloney.com Aiding students in chemistry, physical science, physics & process technology(PTEC)

Kents Hill School Physics
• Introduction to Physics or What is Physics and Why do I care?
• Distance and Displacement
• Speed and Velocity
• Reference Frames
• Acceleration
• Graphing Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration
• What is a Force?
• Newton's First Law: The Law of Inertia
• Newton's Second and Third Laws
• Friction, Weight and the Normal Force
• Vectors and Vector Operations
• Falling Objects
• Projectile Motion (Motion in 2 Dimensions)
• Relative Motion
• Work
• Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy Principle
• Potential Energy
• Conservation of Mechanical Energy
• Power
• Momentum and Impulse
• Conservation of Momentum
• Elastic and Inelastic Collisions
• Defining Rotational Motion
• Uniform Circular Motion
• Dynamics of Uniform Circular Motion
• Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
• Torque
• Inertia and Rotating Objects
• Rotational Dynamics
• Simple Machines
• Density and Pressure
• Buoyancy and Archimedes' Principle
• Pascal's Principle
• Atmospheric Pressure and Gauge Pressure
• Bernoulli's Principle
• Electric Charge
• Coulomb's Law
• Electric Fields
• Electric Potential
• Electric Circuits
• Electrical Resistance
• Electrical Power and Energy
• Resistors in Series and Parallel Circuits
• Magnetic Fields
• Current Carrying Wires
• Electromagnetic Induction
• Faraday and Lenz's Law
• Motors and Generators
• AC Wiring
• Simple Harmonic Motion
• Wave Motion
• Properties of Waves
• Sound
• Properties of Sound
• Sources of Sound
• The Wave Nature of Light
• Polarization
• Reflection of Light
• Spherical Mirrors
• Refraction of Light
• Thin Lenses

Launceston College: Physics Help tutorials ( purchase Site CD )
• 2D Standing Wave Patterns
• AC generator
• Activity
• Alpha emissions & Beta emissions
• Apparent Weight, weightlessness
• Beats
• Blackbody Radiation
• Compton Effect
• Cornering, circles
• de Broglie: particles as waves, hydrogen, Quantum theory
• Diffraction
• Elastic Collisions
• Electromagnetic Radiation
• Electrostatics
• Exponential decay
• Fields
• Gravity
• Hydrogen Atom
• Induction
• Lenz's Law
• Light - waves vs particles
• Line Spectra
• Magnetic Fields
• Magnetism
• Mass and energy
• Momentum in 2-D
• Musical Instruments
• Newton's Laws
• The Nucleus - Strong nuclear force
• Particles in B Fields
• Photo-Electric Effect
• Photonic Devices
• Polarization
• Quark model
• Refraction
• Relativity & Special Relativity
• Standing Waves
• Transformer
• Waves
• X-rays

MIT Open CoursewareUse It! All Courses Index, Audio/Video Courses, governed by Creative Commons license: Physics
• 8.01 Physics I: Classical Mechanics with Exams & Solutions, Lecture Notes & Video Lectures

Muller's Group at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
• Physics for future Presidents
• Online Book: Chpt 1, Chpt 2
• Webcast.Berkeley: Descriptive Introduction to PhysicsUse It! (Physics for Future Presidents) online Video Course by Richard Muller

LightAndMatter.comUse It! online books, software and courses
• Books online
    º Newtonian Physics
    º Conservation Laws
    º Vibrations and Waves
    º Electricity and Magnetism
    º Optics
    º The Modern Revolution in Physics
    º Simple Nature engineering physics
    º Conceptual Physics
    º Calculus

List of Modules Physics: U Tennessee

MIT Open CoursewareUse It! All Courses Index, Audio/Video Courses, governed by Creative Commons license: Physics
• 8.01 Physics I: Classical Mechanics with Exams & Solutions, Lecture Notes & Video Lectures

NASA.gov ( Alphabetic Index, Find Teaching Materials ): For Educators
• Force Equals Mass Times Acceleration: Newton's Second Law
• Space Math sun-Earth system, specifically space weather

Modules Physics: U Tennessee

Net Advance of PhysicsUse It! review articles and tutorials in an encyclopædic format
• Annotated Physics Encyclopaedia
• History of Physics

PhysicsCentral see the world with deeper perspective & greater understanding: The Web of Physics
• Digital Video Analysis using free open source Tracker
• Kinetic Books
• Newton's Laws of Motion
• Waves & Energy Transfer

PhysicsCentral.org from the American Physical Society

The Physics HypertextbookUse It! (physics.info) a work in progress, Edited by Glenn Elert, written by his students
    º Physice Factbook, About

Physics IlluminationsUse It! ( Alt ) short explanatory/exploratory material based on conceptual topics
• Kinematics (1D & 2D)
• Dynamics
• Work and Energy
• Vectors
    º Components of Vectors
    º Head-to-Tail Vector Addition
    º Parallelogram Vector Addition
    º Vector Subtraction

Physics Lab Online by Catharine H. Colwell, Mainland High School, integrated curriculum & classroom management system LearningXchange, Search, Table of Contents
• Ap Review Sessions equations
• Compilations Questions, quizes, problems & physlets
• Curriculum Guide, Curriculum (1st edition), History of Physics Lab Online program
• Introduction: Directions, how to use PhysicsLab

Physics Lab Online by Catharine H. Colwell: Resource Lessons
• Ideal Gases
    º Kinetic Theory of Gases Ideal Gases
• Geometric Optics
    º Converging Lenses
    º Demonstration: Real Images, Virtual Images
    º Diverging Lenses
    º Lensmaker Equation
    º Spherical Mirrors

OpenCourse.info Links to Applets
Oswego City School District Regents Exam Prep Center: PhysicsUse It!

PearsonHigherEd.com, publisher
• Physlet Physics: ($) Interactive Illustrations, Explorations and Problems, CDROM & Paperback by Wolfgang Christian & Mario Belloni, Davidson College

Physics: World Lecture Hall
Physics 1 Online Course (sample): M. Casco Learning Center

Physics 2000Use It! intuitive explanations, with interactive java applets, from U Colorado

Physics 8.07 Home Page Electromagnetism II - MIT Course

Physics Applet Home Page: Georgia Institute of Technology

Physics For BeginnersUse It! (WebPlasma.com) - Tutorial with Equation Solver
• Velocity
• Gravity

Physics CentralUse It! (physicscentral.com) articles, education, Links, News, Q&A from the American Physical Society

Physics Central (physlib.com) short overviews of some modern physics, cosmology & math with commercial ($) hosting links

the Physics Classroom, Multimedia Physics Studio, Physics Help, Topics (Tutorials)
• 1-D Kinematics
• Newton's Laws
• Vectors Motion and Forces in Two Dimensions
• Momentum and Its Conservation
• Work, Energy, and Power
• Circular Motion and Satellite Motion
• Static Electricity
• Current Electricity
• Waves
• Sound Waves and Music
• Light Waves and Color
• Reflection and the Ray Model of Light
• Refraction and the Ray Model of Light

The Physics Connexion
Physics Instructional Resource Association (PIRA)
• Demo Bibliography
• PIRA 200 Demo List

Physics Lab Online by Catharine H. Colwell, curriculum integrated with the classroom management system LearningXchange, Search, Table of Contents
• Introduction: Directions, how to use PhysicsLab
• Curriculum Guide, Curriculum (1st edition), History of Physics Lab Online program
• Ap Review Sessions equations
• Compilations Questions, quizes, problems & physlets
• • Resource Lessons

Physics Lecture Notes
Physics (SPH4A) at Appleby College Waves, Sound, Optics and Light by Cliff Sampson (geocities.com)
PhysicsOfSuperheroes.com book
PhysLink.com Physics and Astronomy Education - Education, Ask the Experts

Prentice Hall ( Pearson Higher Education ): Physics Principles with Applications Fifth Edition by Douglas C. Giancoli

Project LinksUse It! Tutorial modules in science & engineering:   Rensselaer Polytechnic

Relativity Tutorials Chris Hillman: U Washington
Robert Kern Curtis's Physics Stuff

School-for-Champions.com Ron Kurtis' (ads): Succeed in Physical Science
• Physics

Skoool.IE, About
• Physics: exam help & reviews

Science HobbyistUse It! (ads) William J. Beaty, Seattle, WA: Physics Demos & Science Exhibit Designs, Links, Suppliers
• Electricity Articles (all)
• Electronics Hobbyist with Links
• Kids' Science Projects
• Science Education Articles
• Science Myths in K-6 Textbooks and Popular culture
• Static Electricity Page
    º The Electrophorus a simple electrostatic generator
    º Ridiculously Sensitive Electric Charge Detector
    º Secrets of Electrostatic Machine Design hints & obscure facts for electrostatics projects
    º Static Electricity Generator with PVC Pipe
• Videos: science projects, experiments

ScienceMaster.com - Jumpstart Science: Physical Science
• Bubble Science
• Energy
• Gravitational and Relativistic Physics
• Magnetic: Earth, Fields, Waves
• Newton's Laws of Motion Does It Matter?
• Ocean Energy
• Science of Matter and Time
• Standard Model of Physics

Simple Machine Resources: SeaMonkey
The Soundry interactive & educational site about sound
Surendranath's Home page Java applets demonstrating basic physics concepts
Syracuse Physics - Educational Modules & Simulations Syracuse U

Themis Earth's Magnetosphere from U California, Berkeley & NASA
• In the Classroom

Theoretical Physics at U Winnipeg: IUN/FYDE Introductory Physics Notes introductory course Physics 1301

U Guelph, Department of Physics, TutorialsUse It!

U Kentucky, Dept Physics & Astronomy, Gen Physics Lab (phy 211)
• Friction Visualization
• Graphics Plotter
• Vector Arithmetic Java Visualization

U Michigan Open Educational Resources
• PHYSICS 140 - General Physics 1 Creative Commons License
• Lectures

U Toronto, Upscale undergraduate physics computing & learning environment, Search, Virtual Bookshelf
• Classical Physics
    º Poetry of Physics online book: ideas of physics without mathematics
    º Spectra Introduction

Visual Aided Physics (VAP) applets, Links: U Putra, Malaysia (geocities.com)

Visual Physics Internet resource integration tool for physics students/teachers
• Physics Virtual BookshelfUse It!

Wikiversity
• School:Physics and Astronomy
• Topic:Mathematical Physics

Winston Chan's Homepage
•arystals, electrical engineering, electromagnetic theory & optics, ion implantation, semiconductor

w.j.e.c. A level physics student revision notes by Rob Coles

^ PHYSICS
TWISTOR THEORY
also see.. Quantum, Relativity

Einstein's Equation and Twistor Theory: Recent Developments (audio ram) Dr. Roger Penrose, ITP & Oxford University
The Elements of Twistor Theory Stephen Huggett
Henry Foundation, Inc. at Johns Hopkins U
• Henry, Richard Conn Professor: Publications
    º Twistors
    º Twistor Primer by Fedja Hadrovich (pdf version)

A Review of the Universe - Structures, Evolutions, Observations, and Theories
• Twistor Theory

Twistor Diagrams Andrew Hodges, Oxford
• General background material
• Recent papers by Andrew Hodges

Twistor Newsletter Oxford Mathematical Institute, Roger Penrose's research group
Twistor Primer Fedja Hadrovich, Oxford, based on 1997 course by Roger Penrose

Wikipedia
    º Category:Clifford algebras
    º Category:Quantum field theory
    º Category:Theories of gravitation
• Penrose, Roger (1931-) invented twistor theory
• Twistor theory maps geometric objects in Minkowski space into the 4-d complex space with the metric signature (2,2)

Wolfram Mathworld
• Twistor


^ PHYSICS
UNIFIED FIELD THEORY
also see.. Particle Physics

Dao of Physics, David Yang Gao, Dept Math, Virginia Tech

JohnAGowan.orgUse It! Papers: General Systems, Gravity, and the Unified Field Theory
    º Essays on Fractals, Cosmology, Theory of Everything, Time, Entropy, Weak & Strong Forces, Science & Religion, Life, the Human Condition

Wikipedia
    º Category:History of physics
    º Category:Theoretical physics
    º Category:Scientific theories
• Classical unified field theories
• Unified field theory


^ PHYSICS
UNITS

Wikipedia: Category:Units of measure
• Category:Units of acceleration
• Category:Units of angle
• Category:Units of density
• Category:Units of energy
• Category:Units of force
• Category:Units of length
• Category:Units of mass
• Category:Units of power
• Category:Units of pressure
• Category:Units of radioactivity
• Category:Units of temperature
• Category:Units of time
• Category:Units of torque
• Category:Units of velocity
• Category:Units of volume
• Atmosphere (unit)
• Bar (unit)
• Conversion of units
• Cubic centimetre
• Cubic metre
• Gram per litre, Kilogram per cubic metre
• kilogram
• Litre
• Metre
• National Institute of Standards and Technology
• Newton (unit)
• Parts-per notation
• Pascal (unit)
• Second
• Units of measurement
• Weights and Measures Act


^ PHYSICS
UNSOLVED PROBLEMS

The Future of Physics by Prof. David Gross
John Baez: Open Questions in Physics

Open Problems In Mathematics And Physics (OpenProblems.net)

Science from the American Association for the Advancement of Science
• Questions: What Don't We Know

Wikipedia
    º List of unsolved problems in physics


^ PHYSICS
VACUUM

Wikipedia
• Barometer
• Cathode ray tube
• Free space
• Hauksbee, Francis (scientist) (1666-1713)
• Horror vacui (physics)
• Incandescent light bulb
• Magdeburg hemispheres
• Mass spectrometry
• Pascal, Blaise
• Sprengel pump
• Thermionic emission
• Torricelli, Evangelista
• Vacuum
• Vacuum engineering
• Vacuum pump
• Vacuum tube
• von Guericke, Otto

Yahoo Groups: VacuumX - Vacuum Experimenter information exchange, sale/trade Vacuum Technology items, post photo's of stations & equipment

^ PHYSICS
VARYING SPEED OF LIGHT (VSL), FASTER THAN LIGHT (FTL), SUPERLUMINAL

arxiv.org/ articles:
• Gravity's Rainbow, Magueijo, Smolin
• Lorentz invariance with an invariant energy scale, Magueijo, Smolin
• New varying speed of light theories, Magueijo
• A time varying speed of light as a solution to cosmological puzzles, Magueijo

Complete-Review.com - Faster Than the Speed of Light by João Magueijo
Disover Magazine - At the Speed of Light What if Einstein was wrong? by Tim Folger
Is Faster Than Light Travel or Communication Possible? from John Baez, U California, Riverside, Math Dept

Magueijo, Joao, Theoretical Physics Group, Imperial College, London
• arxiv.org Article List

Moffat, John SpaceDaily.com - Physicist John Moffat Hopes To Rewrite The History Of The Universe
PhysicsGuy.com (Jason W. Hinson, Ph.D.), Relativity and FTL Travel

Smolin, Lee, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
• arxiv.org Article List

WikiPedia
• Faster-than-light
• Sommerfeld, Arnold
• Tachyon


^ PHYSICS
VIDEO ANALYSIS & HIGH SPEED PHOTOGRAPHY
also see.. Labs, §PHOTOGRAPHY§, Videos

Compadre.org: Open Source PhysicsUse It! free
• Data Tool data analysis: plotting & fitting data from lab experiments, simulations, video analysis, or any data set in columns
• Tracker image and video analysis package and modeling tool, built upon the Open Source Physics Java code library
• Video Analysis with Tracker: TPT Package introductory physics experiments as in "Innovative Uses of Video Analysis" The Physics Teacher, 2009
• Video Modeling: Combining Dynamic Model Simulations with Traditional Video Analysis, Douglas Brown

Doane College Dept of Physics
• Flash-VidDat, Download Flash-VidDat code for personal use
    º Example video files for analysis
• Humanized Physics Project
• Plucked String Video Clips
• Video Library

Dot Physics ( Alt ) Rhett Allain, Assoc Physics Prof, Southeastern Louisiana U
    º Terminal velocity of a coffee filter using Logger Pro
    º Tracker Video Analysis Tutorial

Harold "Doc" Edgerton The Edgerton Digital Collections
• Galleries
• Techniques

Lenox Softworks ($) Videopoint video-based motion analysis software

PhysicsCentral ( Hillsdale Township High School District 86 ): The Web of Physics
• Digital Video Analysis
• Kinematics & Sports Physics
    º Linear Motion
• Tracker
    º Intro to Projectiles
    º Tracker Tutorials
• Physics of Sports

PhysicsCentral ( Hillsdale Township High School District 86 ): The Web of Physics
• Digital Video Analysis
• Tracker
    º Tracker Tutorials

Rutgers Physics and Astronomy Education Research Group modelling: “cognitive apprenticeship” learning processes of science rather than results...
• observing, modelling & doing; acquiring skills in “hypothetico-deductive reasoning”
• Physics Teaching Technology ResourceUse It! (Video Experiments)
• Scientific Abilities
    º Articles
    º Design Experiments LabsUse It! (Algebra based) includes Estimating experimental uncertainty
    º Formative Assessment Tasks
    º Kits: Mechanics
    º Modeling Tasks: Mechanics
    º Rubrics
    º Scientific abilities/assessment

Texas A & M, Center for Mathematics and Science Education (CMSE), Video Analysis Investigations for Physics and Mathematics with physics video downloads

TrackerUse It! (Windows, Mac & Linux) Free Video Analysis and Modeling Tool for Physics Education by Doug Brown, Cabrillo College
• Online Help
• see “For Developers” for Source Code & Java Tutorials

Vernier Software & Technology ($) Products & Software
• Easy Products for data collection with TI-84 seried calculators
• Go! Products instruments for computer data-collection
• Lab Books
• Lab Equipment
• Logger Pro site license: all instructor computers & the student home computers
• Packages
• Sensors & Probes
• Texas Instruments Calculator Products

Wikipedia
    º Timeline of photography technology
• Edgerton, Harold Eugene
• High speed photography
• Time-lapse

Xannah.org Xannah Appled Science & Engineering
• DataPoint Free (Windows) 2-d Video Frame-Grabbing & Video Motion Analysis Software for the classroom

^ PHYSICS
TV & VIDEOS
also see.. Demonstrations, Tutorials, Video Analysis

ABC Science: Video
• Why is it so? with Julius Sumner Miller

Annenberg Media Learner.org, Teacher Resources
• Essential Science for Teachers: Physical Science
• Force and Motion
    º Minimouse Lab (Simulation)
    º Workshop 8. Bend and Stretch Tension & Normal Forces
• The Mechanical Universe and BeyondUse It!
    º Inertia
    º Newton's Laws
    º Vectors
• Workshops and Courses

AP Physics with Mr Burns, Los Gatos High School
• The Physics of Road Runner clips from Warner Brothers Road Runner & Coyote cartoons for physics teachers
• Review Links
• Solutions to E&P Problems

Archive.org: Open Educational Resources
• PBS | NPR Forum Network
    º Michio Kaku: Physics of the Impossible (2008)
• Advanced Placement (AP) Courses from the Monterey Institute for Technology and Education
    º Advanced Placement Physics B
    º Advanced Placement Physics C

BBC
• Hawking: 60th birthday lecture

Blogspot.com, Free Science and Video Lectures Online!: Physics Video Lectures
• Richard Feynman Physics Video Lectures

Dr. David G. Alciatore, Colorado State U-Fort Collins, Engineering
• High-speed (super slow motion) Video Clips

Education-Tube.com: Julius Sumner Miller Video-Clips

Glenbrook South High School, Physics: The Physics Classroom TutorialsUse It! with animations
• QuickTime Movies

Google Search
• “V.Balakrishnan Video Lectures”

Google Videos
• Richard Feynman Physics Lecture
• Physics

Flying Circus of Physics videos by Jearl Walker, Blog, Book
Just a Drop of Water (www.punt.nl) physics & science video links

Laserpablo.com by Paul Robinson physics teacher, author, baseball fan
• DVD's
• Teacher Resources Teacher SOS (PTSOS) workshops
• Videos

LearnersTV.com: Physics Lectures
• Lecture - 1 Classical Physics Prof.V.Balakrishnan, Physics Dept, IIT Madras

MIT Open CoursewareUse It! All Courses Index, Audio/Video Courses, governed by Creative Commons license: Physics
• 8.01 Physics I: Classical Mechanics with Exams & Solutions, Lecture Notes & Video Lectures
    º Newton's Laws
    º Uniform Circular Motion constant tangential speed & constant radial (centripetal) acceleration
• 8.02 Physics: Electricity and Magnetism, Exams, Lecture Notes, Video Lectures
• Exploring Black Holes: General Relativity & Astrophysics Course 8.224
    º Lecture Notes (Videos)
• Teaching College-Level Science and Engineering
    º Selected Video Discussions

NewScientist.com: The stuff of dreams

PBS.org: NOVA
• The Elegant Universe
• Physics and Math

Physics Force from U Minnesota, Physics
• Physics Circus DemonstrationsUse It! with some VIDEOS

Project TuvaUse It! from Microsoft.com: Richard Feynman Lectures

Science Hobbyist
• Dr. Richard P. Feynman (1918-1988) Links

SixtySymbols.com videos about the symbols of physics and astronomy from U Nottingham
UnitedStreaming.com ($) 30 day free trial

U Wisconsin, Physics: Lecture Deomonstrations
• Short Films (quicktime)

The Vega Science Trust scientific visual & audio media
• Richard Feynman Douglas Robb Memorial Lectures

VodPod.com Julius Summer Miller
• Archimedes: pt. 1, pt. 2
• Atmospheric Pressure: pt. 1, pt. 2
• Centrifugal Force: pt. 1, pt. 2
• Projectiles: pt. 1, pt. 2

Webcast.Berkeley
• Introductory Physics (audio only): 8A, 002, 8B, 002
• Physics 10 Physics for Future PresidentsUse It! Videos & sound tracks by Richard Muller, ( Alt ) Download Videos (MP4 format)

Western Instructional Television
1438 North Gower St, Los Angeles CA 90028
(213) 466-8601
Julius Sumner Miller Physics Demonstrations, 60 (15 min.) programs


Open Yale CoursesUse It! Department of Physics
• PHYS 200: Fundamentals of Physics I Ramamurti Shankar: Newtonian mechanics, special relativity, gravitation, thermodynamics & waves
• PHYS 201: Fundamentals of Physics II Ramamurti Shankar: electricity, magnetism, optics & quantum mechanics

YouTube.com
• AcmeSchool how things work
• Feynman, Richard Physics Video Lectures
• Miller, Julius Sumner Videos
    º Inertia parts 1 & 2
    º Newton's Second Law parts 1 & 2
    º Newton's Third Law parts 1 & 2
    º Projectiles parts 1 & 2
    º Pascal parts 1 & 2
    º Bernoulli parts 1 & 2
• Susskind, Leonard: Modern Physics: Classical Mechanics
• Balakrishnan, V.: Classical Physics


^ PHYSICS
VISCOSITY

Wikipedia
• Pitch drop experiment started in 1927 by Professor Thomas Parnell
• Superfluid
• Viscosity


^ PHYSICS
WAVES, PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS, VIBRATION
also see.. §Diffraction§, Music, §Optics§, §Thermodynamics§, §Machine Vibration§

Acoustics and Vibration AnimationsUse It! by Daniel A. Russell, Kettering U
• Basic Wave Phenomena
    º Doppler Effect and Sonic Booms
    º Fourier Series and Waves
    º Reflection of Waves from Boundaries
    º Refraction of Sound Waves
    º Superposition of Waves
    º What is a Wave?
    º Wave Motion in Time and Space
• Room Acoustics
    º Driving room modes & source location
    º Reverberation Times in a small room
• Sound Waves and Radiation from Sources
    º The Baffled Piston approximation of a loudspeaker
    º Longitudinal and Transverse Waves
    º Sound field radiated by a Tuning Fork
    º Sound Fields Radiated by Simple Sources
    º Sound Radiation from Cylindrical Radiators

Amara's Wavelet Page Amara Graps

Boston U, Physics: Lecture Demonstrations
• PY105 Lecture Notes
    º Diffraction
    º The Doppler effect
    º Interference
    º Music
    º Sound
    º Waves
• Physlet DemonstrationsUse It! Semesters 1 & 2

Bow Wave Dynamics T. A. Waniewski, C. E. Brennen & F. Raichlen, Journal of Ship Research

Center for Nanoscale Systems: Institute for Physics Teachers, Links, Cornell U
• Labs & Lending Library
    º The Doppler Effect

C.K. Ng Learn Physics Using Java simulations
• Beats
• Diffraction of water waves: corner, obstacle, opening
• Doppler effect/Sonic Boom & Sonic Boom due to Two Horizontally-displaced Sources
• Interference of water waves 1 & 2, Interference, Multiple sources pattern, Interference, (funny) four sources on square vertices
• Polarizers
• Resonance on a string
• Standing Waves and Traveling Waves
• Travelling Wave, Longitudinal
• Travelling Wave, Transverse

d'AIMPUse It! applets from MIT Mathematics
• Beats
• Waves sum wave and its reflection

Fergus Ray Murray (ads)
• Resonata A Wave Machine Applet and article on real waves, types & dangers of resonance
• Trigonometry describes the behaviour of waves & resonance

Google Search
• physics beats
• rope for wave demonstration

How light is made from the ordered motion of electrons in atoms and molecules: U Oregon

HyperPhysicsUse It! C.R. Nave, Georgia State U, including online calculators
• Periodic Motion
    º Cavity Resonance (Helmholtz resonance)
    º Overview of Resonant Systems
• Sound & Hearing
    º Beats, Sum and Difference Frequencies

Imagine the Universe! from NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center
• Ask an Astrophysicist, Search
    º Doppler Shift
    º Faster than Light
    º Gravity's Effect on Itself
    º How our Eyes See Light
    º On the Edge: Gravitational Waves
    º Speed of Light
• Teacher's Corner, Links

Kth Royal Institute of Technology, Particle and Astroparticle Physics Section: JavaTech: Introduction to Scientific and Technical Computing with Java
• Physics Simulation with Java: Topic Index
• Interference of Sinusoidal Waveforms

LightAndMatter.comUse It! Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license: introductory one-year physics survey textbooks for biology majors
• Vibrations and Waves: Entire Book (pdf)

Mark Ketchum's Online Scrapbook
• Bridge Engineering
    º Bridge Collapse Page including resonance failures
• Concrete Shell

M. Casco Learning Center: Physics 1 Online Course Outline
• Mechanical Waves

MIT Open CoursewareUse It! All Courses Index, Audio/Video Courses, governed by Creative Commons license: Civil and Environmental Engineering
• Wavelets, Filter Banks and Applications 18.327/1.130
• Wave Propagation 2.062J/1.138J/18.376J

National Lightning Safety Institute
• The Science of Thunder increase in pressure & temperature causes air to expand faster than the speed of sound, similar to a sonic boom

Newton BBS Ask A Scientist, Archive: Physics
• Absorption, Heat and Wavelength
• Amplitude of EM Wave
• Bow and Shock Waves
• Changing Photon Frequency
• Cherenkov Radiation
• Color Without Light, Orange Sunset, Reflected Color Appearance, Solar Color, Sun and Continuous Spectra
• Compressional Wave Terminus
• Cosmic Microwave Background
• de Broglie Wave and Bohr Radius
• decibel levels
• destructive interference, cosine wave
• Diffraction, Wavelength, and Angle
• Distant Light and Straight Lines
• Electric Current and Electromagnetic Wave
• Electromagnetic Waves, Absolute Zero and Electromagnetic Waves, 2, EM Waves, Charge, and Propagation
• Electromagnetic Waves and Fields, 2, Electromagnetic Wave Limits, EM Waves and Polarization, 2
• Fluorescent Lights and Microwaves
• Frequency and Energy Relation
• Fundamentals of Reflections
• Gravity as a Wave, Gravity vs Gamma Wave Speed, Gravitons and Wave Function
• Light bulb and a microwave
• Light Intensity to Space
• Light and Sound Waves, 2
• Light Waves, Characteristics, and Measurement, Measuring Light Wavelength, Variable Speed of Light
• Magnetic Field and Cosmic Rays
• Making Waves
• Microwaves, Microwaves and Energy Transfer, Microwave Radiation
• Music characteristics, Music and Standing Waves
• Newton's Rings and Central Fringe, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
• Particle-Wave Duality, Wave Nature of Electrons
• Photon Energy for Ionization
• Quarks and Sound Waves
• Radio waves, Absolute Zero and Radio Frequency, Current Into Radio Waves, Measuring Radio Waves, 2, Radio Waves and Concrete
• Radio Wave Interaction With External Fields, 2, 3, Radiowaves and Lasers, Radio wave transmittance, Radio Waves and Tunnels
• Shattering Glass with my Voice
• Sideband and Waveforms
• Sine Waves and Circuits
• Snell's Law, Spectra, and Speed of Light
• Solar Light Polarization
• Sonic Boom, Bow and Shock Waves, Shock Waves in Space, 2
• Sound Waves, 2, Sound versus Heat, Soundwaves for Levatation, Sound Waves Longitudinal, Traces Transverse, Sound through Metal, Sound Wave Speed
• Speed of Sound and Altitude, Speed of Sound, Density, Elasticity, 2
• Thin Film Interference Factors
• UV, IR, and Color Theory, UV, IR, and Glass Transmission, UV Reflection in Mirrors, Black Light Visibility
• Waves, Wave Energy
• Wavelength and Light Properties
• Wave Motion in Space
• Wavering Lights
Why can radio waves go where light cannot?
• Young's Double Slit Experiment

Oscillations and Waves Physics Demonstrations at Boston University
Physicsclassroom.com: Physics Tutorial: Sound Waves and Music
• Lesson 3 Behavior of Sound Waves
    º Interference and Beats Beats
    º The Doppler Effect and Shock Waves
• Lesson 4: Resonance and Standing Waves
    º Forced Vibration
    º Fundamental Frequency and Harmonics
    º Standing Wave Patterns
• Lesson 5: Musical Instruments
    º Resonance
    º Guitar Strings
    º Open-End Air Columns
    º Closed-End Air Columns

Physicsclassroom.com: Physics Tutorial
• Waves

PhysicsLAB.org
• Barrier Waves, Bow Waves, and Shock Waves
• Doppler Effect Physlet
• Resonance in Strings, Harmonics Applet Ripple ripple tank applet

Rutgers Physics and Astronomy Education Research Group modelling: “cognitive apprenticeship” learning processes of science rather than results, observing, modelling & doing; acquiring skills in “hypothetico-deductive reasoning”
• Physics Teaching Technology Resource (Video Experiments)
• Learning Cycles on Harmonic Motion and Waves

Science and Mathematics Initiative for Learning Enhancement (SMILE) elementary & high school single concept lessons: Physics Index
• Waves, Sound and Optics
    º Computer Interfacing: Frequency Measurement, The Doppler Effect
    º Guitar Waves
    º Homemade Instruments
    º Now Hear This!
    º Pitch
    º Polarization
    º Polarized Light 1, 2
    º Sound: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Making Sounds
    º Sound/Pitch
    º how Sound Travels
    º Sound: The Vibration of Materials
    º Understanding Waves
    º from Vibration To Sound
    º Wave Motion
    º Waves, Make Waves

Theoretical Physics at U Winnipeg: IUN/FYDE Introductory Physics Notes introductory course Physics 1301
• Vibrations and Waves

Two-Slit Experiment using Particles Applet from Physics 2000: U Colorado

U California Santa Cruz, Physics Lecture Demonstration Catalog
• Mechanical Oscillations and Wave SimulationsUse It!

U Colorado, Boulder, Physics, Physics 2000
• PhET Physics Interactive Technology, Interactive Simulations
• Physics Learning Laboratories
• Doppler Effect: Source, Observer
• Masses & Springs
• Pendulum Lab
• Wave on a String

Physics 2000
• PhETUse It! Physics Interactive Technology, Interactive Simulations: Physics
• Masses & Springs
• Pendulum Lab
• Wave on a String

University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR): Learn: Atmospheric Science Explorers
• Standing Wave Demonstration

U Guelph, Department of Physics, Tutorials
• Graphing Oscillating Functions
• Simple Harmonic Motion simulations with assessment

U Tennessee, Introduction to Physics I
• Module 9: Simple Harmonic Motion
• Module 10: Waves
    º Mechanical Waves

When Particles Behave Like Waves 2-D double slit, tunneling, scattering, interaction animations: Terry Robb

Vibration and Waves AnimationsUse It! Dan Russell, Kettering U, Flint, MI

Wave Optics for the internet - interference:  "University of Webucation&quot;

Wikipedia
• Category:Waves
• Category:Scattering
• Index of wave articles
• Absorbance
• Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
    º Beer-Lambert law
• Angle of incidence
• Acoustic impedance
• Airy wave theory
• Amplitude
• Angular frequency
• Attenuation
    º Attenuation coefficient
• Beat (acoustics)
    º Beat frequency oscillator
• Coherence (physics)
• Continuous wave
• Crest (physics) & Trough
• Damping, Damping (music)
• Diffraction, Diffraction grating
    º Fraunhofer diffraction
    º Fresnel diffraction
• Dispersion (optics)
• Double-slit experiment
• Echo (phenomenon)
• Electromagnetic radiation, Electromagnetic spectrum
• Electronic oscillator
• Field (physics)
• Fourier, Joseph
    º Fourier analysis
    º Fourier series
    º Fourier transform, Fast Fourier transform, Greenhouse effect
• Frequency
    º Frequency domain
• Fraunhofer diffraction
• Fresnel, Augustin-Jean
    º Fresnel diffraction
    º Fresnel equations
    º Fresnel lens
    º Fresnel number
• Gravitational wave
    º Gravitational redshift
    º Internal wave
    º Wave cloud
• Harmonic oscillator
• Helmholtz, Hermann von, Helmholtz coil, Helmholtz equation, Helmholtz resonance
• Hooke's law
• Huygens, Christiaan
    º Odd sympathy
• Huygens-Fresnel principle (Huygens principle)
• Hypersonic
• Intensity (physics)
• Interference (wave propagation)
• Light
    º Tired light
• Linear elasticity
• Long string instrument
• Longitudinal wave, Transverse wave
• Low-frequency oscillation
• Masters
    º Fourier, Joseph (see Fourier)
    º Helmholtz, Hermann von (see Helmholtz)
    º Hertz, Heinrich
    º Huygens, Christiaan (see Huygens)
    º Young, Thomas (scientist)
• Maxwell's equations
• Modulation
• Optics, Physical optics (Wave optics)
• Oscillation, Oscillation (mathematics)
    º Odd sympathy
• Pencil beam
• Pendulum
• Periodicity, Period versus frequency
• Phase (waves)
• Quantum mechanics
    º Matter wave
    º
• Compton scattering
• Radian
• Radiation
    º Absorbance
    º Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
    º Attenuation
    º Attenuation coefficient (Absorption coefficient)
    º Beer-Lambert law
    º Black body
    º Color
    º Crookes, William, Crookes radiometer, Crookes tube, Vacuum tube
    º Electromagnetic radiation
    º Emissivity, Emission spectrum
    º Form factor (radiative transfer)
    º Ionizing radiation
    º Irradiance
    º Nichols, Ernest Fox, Nichols radiometer
    º Opacity (optics)
    º Optical depth
    º Planck's law of radiation
    º Radiant barrier
    º Radiant intensity
    º Radiation pressure
    º Radiative transfer
    º Reflection (physics) Diffuse reflection, Reflection coefficient, Reflectivity, Surface type, Scattering from rough surfaces, Specular reflection
    º Refraction, Refractive index
    º Scattering
    º Stefan-Boltzmann law
    º Thermal radiation, Transmission coefficient
    º Transparency and translucency, Transmittance, Transparent materials
    º Wien's displacement law
• Ray (optics)
• Reflection (physics)
    º Diffuse reflection
    º Reflection coefficient
    º Specular reflection
    º Total internal reflection
• Refraction Refractive index
• Resonance, Resonator
• Scattering
    º Inverse scattering problem, Inverse scattering transform
    º Scattering theory
• Shallow water equations
• Simple harmonic motion
• Sonic boom
• Sound, Sound intensity, Sound power, Sound pressure
• Speed of sound
• Superposition principle
    º Linear
    º Linear algebra
    º Nonlinear system
• Supersonic
• Polarization (waves)
• Ripple tank
• Time domain
• Transmission coefficient
• Transmittance
• Transparency and translucency
• Transverse wave, Longitudinal wave
• Trigonometric functions
• VibrationUse It! Molecular vibration
• Wave, Waves
    º Wave equation
    º Waveform
    º Wavefront
    º Wavelength
    º Wave propagation
    º Wave velocity
• Waveguide
• Wave packet
• Wave-particle duality
• Waves in plasmas
• Wave tank
    º Ripple tank
• Wave Types (also see Index of wave articles)
    º Atmospheric wave
    º Bow wave
    º Carrier wave
    º Electromagnetic radiation, Electromagnetic spectrum
    º Faraday wave
    º Gravitational wave
    º Lamb waves
    º Longitudinal wave (vs. transverse)
    º Mechanical wave
    º Microwave
    º Pilot wave
    º Plane wave
    º Radio waves, Radio propagation
    º Rossby wave
    º Seismic wave, P-wave, S-wave
    º Shock wave
    º Sine wave
    º Square wave
    º Standing wave
    º Surface wave
    º Transverse wave (vs. longitudianl)
    º Tsunami
    º Wind wave

Zona Land Education in Physics & Mathematics, SiteMap
• VRML Simple Harmonic Motion Worlds


^ PHYSICS
ZERO POINT FIELD

Boston U, Microchip Simulation Lab
• Publications (site also contains "Zero Point Radiation" articles)
    º Stochastic Non-relativistic Approach to Gravity as Originating from Vacuum Zero-Point Field.., Appendix

CalPhysics.org
• Research

Dr. James F. Woodward, Cal State Fullerton
• Gravitation Overview
    º The Origin of InertiaUse It!

The Field The Quest for the Secret Force of the Universe, book by Lynne McTaggart, FAQ, Forum, Links
Science-Spirit.org, Brilliant Disguise: Light, Matter and the Zero-Point Field by Bernard Haisch

^ PHYSICS
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